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1、1、施工準備1.1技術準備1.1.1砌塊砌筑前應做好技術交底工作。1.1.2墻體砌筑前必須熟悉圖紙，做好相應的施工準備。（1）放好砌體墻身位置線，門窗洞口等位置線，經驗線符合設計圖紙要求，預檢合格。（2）按砌筑操作需要，找好標高，立好標尺桿。（4）配置異形尺寸砌塊。1.2材料準備1.2.1空心磚、砌塊的品種、強度等級符合設計要求，并規格一致、色澤均勻、邊角整齊，符合材料規范要求。1.2.2砂漿：現場攪拌砂漿。（1）采用水泥砂漿。（2）施工前按設計文件的要求并將自拌砂漿的進場材料等有關資料納入工程技術檔案資料中。1.2.3其它材料：拉結筋、預埋件等應滿足設計及規范要求。1.3機具準備鏟、靠尺、手2、推車、刮尺、鐵水平尺、卷尺、線墜、小白線等。2、施工方法2.1施工前準備2.1.1材料：輕骨料混凝土空心砌塊砌筑時、其產品齡期應超過28天。磚在運輸、裝卸過程中，嚴禁傾倒和拋擲。經驗收的磚，應分類堆放整齊，堆置高度不超過2m，堆垛上應設有標志，堆垛間應留有通道。嚴禁使用破損的砌塊，不得使用被雨水淋濕的砌塊。并應防止砌塊被油污等污染。2.1.2砌筑前經結構墻上彈好1000mm標高的水平線，在相應部位彈好墻身邊線、門窗洞口線，在結構墻柱上彈好砌筑墻的邊線。2.1.3遇有穿墻管線，應預先核實其位置、尺寸，以預留為主，減少事后剔鑿，損害墻體。2.1.4砌墻的前一天應將砌塊墻與結構墻相連接的部位灑水濕潤3、，保證砌體粘接牢固。砌筑墻體時，應向砌筑面適量澆水。2.2施工工藝流程墻體放線 砌塊排列 鋪砂漿 砌塊就位 校正砌塊澆水 砂漿鑲磚 豎縫灌砂漿 勾縫2.3砌塊施工方法2.3.1基層處理：將要砌墻的根部位的混凝土或磚表面清掃干凈，用砂漿找平，拉線，用水平尺檢查其平整度，當最下一皮的水平灰縫厚度大于20mm時，應用細石混凝土找平。 5.3.2排磚撂底：砌筑砌塊墻前先在墻根部清理干凈、整潔，無浮土。根據彈好的門窗洞口位置線，認真核對墻尺寸，其長度是否符合排磚模數，如不合模數時，尺寸較小時采用調整灰縫的方法。2.3.3組砌方法：砌塊砌體采用全順法。（1）砌磚，砌筑前應先根據墻長進行排磚，不夠整塊時可以4、用分頭塊或鋸成需要的尺寸，但不得小于200mm。（2）應選擇棱角整齊，無彎曲、裂紋，規格一致的砌塊。（3）每皮砌塊應使其底面朝上砌筑。（4）砌筑時滿鋪滿擠，上下錯縫，搭接長度不宜小于砌塊長度的1/3，轉角處相互咬砌搭接。（5）砌磚采用一鏟灰、一塊磚、一擠揉的“三一”磚砌法，砌磚時磚要放平。（6）砌塊應對孔錯縫搭砌，個別情況下無法對孔砌筑時，允許錯孔砌筑，但搭接長度不應小于90mm。（7）在操作過程中出現偏差應及時糾正。2.3.5掛線：采用外手掛線，可照顧墻體兩面平整，為下道工序控制抹灰厚度奠定基礎。2.3.6砌體的灰縫厚度和寬度應正確。紅機磚砌體砂漿灰縫應為8-12mm，輕集料砌體砂漿灰縫應為5、2-3mm。水平灰縫應平直，砂漿飽滿，輕集料混凝土小型空心砌塊及紅機磚按凈面積計算的砂漿飽滿度不應低于80%。豎向灰縫應采用加漿方法，使其砂漿飽滿，嚴禁用水沖漿灌縫，不得出現瞎縫、透明縫。豎縫的砂漿飽滿度不應低于80%。砌塊端頭與墻、柱接縫處各涂刮5mm厚度的砂漿粘接，擠緊塞實，將擠出的砂漿刮平。2.3.7墻體轉角處及交接處應同時砌起，如不能同時砌起時，應留置斜槎，斜槎的長度應等于或大于斜槎高度。2.3.8填充墻砌至接近梁、板底時，應留一定空隙，待填充墻砌筑完并至少間隔7天，砂漿應飽滿。2.3.9拉結筋設置（1）按建筑施工圖中位置，沿墻高每隔500mm（二皮砌塊高度）一道。（2）內設26沿墻全6、長的通長鋼筋，理平順直置于砌體水平灰縫內。2.4構造柱的設置2.4.1設置部位：當墻長超過2倍的層高或墻長超過5m時，沿墻長度方向每隔5m或在墻體中部設置構造柱，截面詳見“構造柱馬牙槎設置詳圖”，配筋為412; 6200。采用植筋，植筋長度應將鉆孔清理干凈，其長度必須滿足規范搭接要求。構造柱采用C25砼澆筑。另在墻體轉角處、砌體丁字接關處、通窗或連窗的兩側均需設置構造柱。砌筑轉墻體與加氣混凝土砌塊墻體的交接部位采用構造柱連接。在構造柱連接處墻體必須砌成馬牙槎，馬牙槎間距300mm或240mm，先退后進，同時，應沿墻高方向每隔500mm或600mm設置26拉結鋼筋，每邊伸入墻內不小于1m或伸至洞7、口邊。如下圖所示：2.5圈梁的設置當240厚墻高度超過4m（120厚墻超過3m）時，在墻高度方向中部或門洞頂部設置一道圈梁，截面為墻寬*200mm，配筋為212;6200。圈梁端部鋼筋錨入構造柱或植入混凝土墻柱內。2.6過梁的設置墻高小于5米時在門窗洞口上部設置過梁，門過梁錨入墻體長度每邊不小于300mm，其截面及配筋選用見下圖： 2.6混凝土條帶的設置2.6.1不砌到梁、板底的填充墻，在墻體板高處及墻頂設與柱連接并沿墻貫通的鋼筋混凝土條帶，現澆帶高100mm。3.質量要求：3.1主控項目3.1.1磚及砌塊的品種、強度等級必須符合設計要求。3.1.2砂漿品種、強度等級必須符合設計要求。同品種、8、同強度等級砂漿各組試塊抗壓強度平均值不小于設計強度值，任一組試塊的強度最低值不小于設計強度的75%。3.1.3砌塊灰縫尺寸應滿足要求，并做到橫平豎直、深淺一致、搭接平順、光滑密實。不得有瞎縫、假縫、透明縫。墻體無裂縫、無滲漏。3.1.4構造柱、過梁等均應符合設計要求和規范、標準規定。3.1.5墻體預留洞口、暗埋管線的做法和質量應符合設計要求，嚴禁隨意剔鑿墻體和預留溝槽。3.1.6填充墻砌體拉結筋的砌筑層、位置和置于灰縫中的長度應符合設計要求。豎向位置偏差應符合規范規定。3.2一般項目3.2.1填充墻砌體一般尺寸的允許偏差應符合下表：項次項目允許偏差（mm）檢 驗 方 法1軸線位置偏移10用尺檢9、查2垂直度小于或等于3m5用2m托線板或吊線和尺檢查大于3m103表面平整度8用2m靠尺和楔型塞尺檢查4門窗洞口高、寬（后塞口）5用尺檢查5外墻上下窗口偏移20用經緯儀或吊線檢查。注：對表中1、2項，在檢驗批標準間中隨機抽查10%，但不應小于3間，大面積房間和樓道按兩個軸線或每10延長米按標準間計數，每間檢驗不應小于3處。對表中3、4項，在檢驗批中抽檢10%，且不應少于5處。3.2.2填充墻砌體的砂漿飽滿度及檢驗方法應符合下表規定：砌體分類灰縫飽滿度及要求檢驗方法空心磚砌體水平80%采用百格網檢查塊材底面砂漿的粘結痕跡面積垂直填滿砂漿，不得有透明縫、瞎縫、假縫4.各項保證措施：4.1成品保護措10、施（1）墻體拉結筋、抗震構造柱鋼筋及各種預埋件、暖衛、電氣管線等，均應注意保護，不得任意拆改或破壞。（2）砂漿稠度應適宜，砌墻時應防止砂漿濺臟墻面。砌筑的落地砂漿要隨時清理，防止污染地面。（3）不得站在剛砌的墻上進行其他操作，不得碰撞墻體或斜放其他材料。（4）施工電梯進料口周圍，應用塑料薄膜或木板等遮蓋，保持墻面潔凈。（5）專業管線的改動不可避免，返工時不能人工剔鑿，必須用開槽機切槽。并且任何墻體的開槽都必須征得總包的同意，不能隨意施工。4.2安全保證措施4.2.1各種施工、操作人員須經安全培訓，不得無證上崗，各種作業人員應配帶相應的安全防護用具和勞保用品。嚴禁操作人員違章作業，管理人員違章指11、揮。4.2.2施工中所用機械、電器設備必須達到國家安全防護標準。5.3環境保護措施5.3.1施工時應盡可能的減少污染、煙塵、噪音。5.3.2施工現場的環保工作制度和措施要做到人人皆知。5.3.4現場運輸通道暢通，做到無積水、無坑洼、無任何雜物，指定專人每天灑水、清掃，水源可取用攪拌站沉淀池和車輛沖洗池經過二次沉淀的水，使現場經常保持干凈、整潔。5.3.5水泥等松散顆粒材料應放入水泥庫中，防止刮風粉塵彌漫，影響環境衛生。5.3.6運輸散裝物料車廂應封閉，以免灑落。出入口設專人清理出入車輛及周圍道路，防止遺灑。5.3.7材料裝卸采用人工傳遞，特別是廢棄砌塊等，嚴禁拋擲或汽車一次性下料。Opinio12、ns and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the p13、artys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following14、 implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of 15、important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general require16、ments of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight 17、regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the 18、whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further chang19、e the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the co20、unty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other21、 grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law 22、supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass li23、ne line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, mo24、re focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practi25、ce, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leadi26、ng cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around t27、he unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benef28、it the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, ord29、ers and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, servic30、e industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the corr31、ect road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicit32、y of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the int33、egration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspectio34、n and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construct35、ion management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competi36、tion, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire wor37、kforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.