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1、 BM輕集料隔墻砌塊施工工藝一、引用標準SN保溫砌塊BM輕集料隔墻砌塊11BJZ58 砌體結構設計規范“GB50003-2001” 建筑抗震設計規范“GB50011-2001” 砌體工程施工質量驗收規范“GB50203-2002” 建筑砂漿配合比設計規程“JGJ98-2002” 混凝土小型空心砌塊建筑技術規程“JGJT14-2004” 混凝土小型空心砌塊砌塊灌孔混凝土“JC861-2000” 干拌砂漿應用技術規程“DBJ/T 01-73-2003”建筑安裝分項工程施工工藝規程“DBJ/T01262003”輕集料混凝土小型空心砌塊“GB/T15229-2002”民用建筑節能設計標準“DBJ01-2、602-2004”公共建筑節能設計標準“DBJ01-621-2005”民用建筑熱工設計規范“GB50176-93”輕集料混凝土技術規程“JGJ51-2002”建筑工程質量驗收統一標準“GB50300-2001”二.施工準備2.1技術準備1）熟悉施工圖紙，了解砌體材料。2）做好BM砌塊施工技術交底工作。2.2機具準備1）機械：外用電梯、切割機、砂漿攪拌機2）工具：瓦刀、夾具、手鋸、小推車、灰斗、木錘、皮數桿、彈線盒、墨水。2.3人員準備采用有相應資質的專業砌筑施工隊伍進行施工，人數根據施工總進度計劃的砌筑工期實際確定。2.4材料準備1）BM輕集料隔墻砌塊，主規格以及以上各規格磚主塊所配套的半塊、3、U型塊等輔塊。2）BM砌塊專用砌筑砂漿BM砌塊專用砌筑砂漿質量標準應符合干拌砂漿應用技術規程“DBJ/T 01-73-2003”相關規定。3）混凝土澆注芯柱水平系梁的混凝土，可采用普通混凝土或普通細石混凝土。強度不小于C20。4）進場材料必須有產品質量認證書、出廠合格證、材質證明書、性能檢測報告及砌體材料的備案書。材料進場后按要求抽樣做復試，經試驗室檢驗合格，報監理認可后方可施工。5）砌塊見證試驗BM砌塊每10000塊為一個驗收批，不足10000塊按一批計算；每批從尺寸偏差和外觀質量檢驗合格的砌塊中隨機抽取抗壓強度試樣一組，共5塊。 三、施工工藝1、施工工序基層處理放線排磚植筋排塊擱底砌筑墻體4、芯柱、水平系梁施工面層清理粉刷石膏（干拌砂漿）打底。2砌筑前準備工作2.1浮塵等雜物清掃、剔鑿，按設計圖紙放出墻體控制線以及芯柱（或構造柱）、水平系梁等控制線。2.2布置芯柱（或構造柱）、水平系梁（或現澆板帶）、過梁，進行植筋 1）芯柱（或構造柱）布置 墻厚200mm時，配置112鋼筋；墻厚200mm時，配置212鋼筋。A 門窗洞口兩側 B 墻長超過5m時，墻中段設置，且芯柱與框架柱、芯柱與芯柱之間的距離不宜4m。 C 轉角、丁字墻、十字墻交接部位D BM砌塊與其他類型墻體連接處宜設置構造柱連接 2）水平系梁（或現澆板帶）布置 A 當填充墻高度4.2m時，墻體宜設置一道水平系梁（或現澆板帶）；5、當墻體高度4.2m時，應增設水平系梁。 B 當墻上遇有門洞時，門洞上部應設置于框架柱或墻體連接且沿墻貫通的水平系梁（或現澆板帶）。 C 當遇有窗洞時，洞口上部及下部都要設置系梁，且上部系梁應沿墻貫通并與兩端框架柱、構造柱或墻體連接。 D 當門窗洞1.5m時，可用過梁塊（U型塊）內配置310鋼筋作為過梁；當門窗洞1.5m時，洞口上部應現澆混凝土過梁且過梁與系梁結合并沿墻貫通且與框架柱、構造柱或墻體連接。 E 門窗洞口、預留洞口寬度400mm時，洞口上部設過梁 2.3 排塊根據砌筑、灰縫等模數進行排塊，灰縫厚度5mm，上下皮應錯縫搭砌，其搭砌長度不宜小于90mm。排塊應考慮芯柱和水平系梁位置，從芯6、柱開始排水平塊，不符合模數時，用輔塊調節或切割整磚；豎向排塊時需考慮門洞標高，不符合模數時，可用輔塊調節或用砼澆筑“坎臺”。 2.5 撂底 最底部處理，根據門洞等標高，靈活掌握1）澆筑砼坎臺，2）實心磚砌筑3）砌塊空洞中砼灌實2.6 建議水電管線在砌筑前按圖紙位置提前安裝到位，避免后期剃鑿破壞墻體。由下至上的線管，砌筑時將砌塊套入；由上至下的線管，砌筑時將砌塊側面開槽，將管線套入砌塊中。如圖3砌塊砌筑前不需澆水。在日平均氣溫連續5度以下，進入冬季施工，要采取相應的防凍措施。4采用砌筑砂漿砌筑時。1）夏季水：粉料重量比一般為1：4,宜采用機械攪拌。冬季可適當減少水料比且攪拌及使用溫度應大于5度。7、2）灰縫厚度控制到5mm，砌筑時宜采用刮漿法砌筑，每次刮漿長度不宜大于800mm豎縫應頂漿砌筑，用皮槌敲實。3）與框架柱、墻體交接部位宜采用柔性連接：5 BM砌塊墻體不宜設置臨時間斷洞口。6需要移動砌體中的砌塊或砌塊被撼動時，應清除原砂漿，重新刮漿砌筑。7埋設固定各種設備的固定件時，應根據設備情況采取必要措施保證固定件錨固牢靠。1）對于暖氣片等較重設備的固定件應該用C20砼將相應砌塊部位填實。2）對于室外空調機等外掛設備，應在墻體中預埋空調機托板或托架，固定點處室外一側的砌塊孔洞應用C20微膨脹混凝土灌實。3）對較大較重的外掛設備應采取附加鋼筋混凝土芯柱等構造措施8嚴禁在砌好的墻體上打鑿洞口或8、用沖擊鉆成孔。確需留孔時，可用無齒鋸開孔。9砌塊每日砌筑高度不宜大于1.8米，低溫季節應適當降低。24h后方可繼續砌筑。砌體轉角和交接部位應同時砌筑，對不能同時砌筑又必須留設臨時間斷處，應砌成斜槎。10芯柱、梁施工1）第一皮磚應切割出清掃口，以便清理遺落在孔內的雜物，2）芯柱筋應上、下生根與主體結構植筋連接，錨固長度1012d,搭接長度按規范要求。3）砌筑2-3皮進行芯柱孔C20 砼澆筑，澆灌前先清除落地灰等雜物。4）芯柱頂部處理如圖11水平系梁、過梁施工1）100、120寬墻體水平系梁、過梁需支設模板現澆成型。2)150寬以上墻體水平系梁可用U型塊兼做模板內部澆筑砼成型；門洞寬度不大于1.59、m時，過梁下部用木方進行承托，U型塊兼模板砌筑，門洞寬度大于1.5m時，過梁支設模板現澆成型。12砌至梁底、板底部位時，至少間隔7d后，方可進行頂部砌筑，具體排塊及砌筑組合參見圖集11BJZ58 P17、18、19頁。13砌塊墻體表面的平整度和垂直度不宜超過4mm、灰縫的厚度和飽滿度應隨時檢查、校正偏差。14墻體與框架柱、粱、板及構造柱、剪力墻界面處應沿縫兩側通長鋪玻纖網，網寬度不應小于200mm，且縫每側寬度不應小于100mm.(玻纖網不宜小于165g/m2)。掛網前應清除其層表面的浮灰、油污，待繃緊圈定后再作粉刷。玻纖網搭接不小于150mm。15墻體粉刷應在墻體收縮穩定后進行，抹灰前墻面可10、不灑水，天氣炎熱干燥時，可在操作前l-2小時適度噴水，略顯潮濕。16粉刷石膏墻體粉刷應在墻體收縮穩定后進行，抹灰前墻面可不灑水，天氣炎熱干燥時，可在操作前l-2小時適度噴水，略顯潮濕。分三遍施工1）石膏局部找補2）石膏找平3）石膏面層壓光 四、冬期施工l、當室外平均氣溫連續5天低于5時， BM砌塊砌體工程應采取冬季施工措施。注：氣溫根據當地氣象資料確定。 冬期施工期限以外，當時最低氣溫低于O時，按本節的規定執行。2、砌塊砌體工程應有完整的冬期施工方案，并應符合現行圖家標準建筑工程冬季施工規程JGJl04的規定。3、BM砌塊砌體工程冬期施工不得采用凍結法和摻鹽砂漿法。4、記錄冬期砌筑的施工日記除11、應按常溫規定要求記錄施工內容外，尚應記載室外空氣溫度、砌筑時砂漿、溫度、外加劑摻量及其它有關資料。冬期施工砂漿試塊的設置，除應按常溫規定要求設置外，還應增留不少于1組與砌體同件養護的試塊，測試檢驗28d強度。5、采用暖棚法施工，塊材在砌筑時的溫度不應低于+5。6、在暖棚內砌體養護時問，應根據棚內溫度按下表確定。暖棚溫度5101520養護時間6543五、安全施工l砌塊墻體施工的安全技術必須遵守現行建筑工程安全技術規定。2垂直運輸使用托盤吊裝時，應用尼龍網或安全罩圍護砌塊。3在樓面或腳手架上堆放砌塊或其它物料時，嚴禁傾卸和拋擲。并不得撞擊樓板和腳手架。4堆放在樓面(層面)和腳手架上的各種施工荷載不12、得超過樓板和腳手架的允許荷載值。施工層進料口樓板下，宜采取臨時支撐措施。5砌體砌筑或進行其它工序施工時，嚴禁站在剛砌完的砌體上操作。6正在施工的砌塊墻體，當可能遇到大風時，其允許自由高度應計算確定。六、質量控制1主控項目：砌塊和粘結劑強度等級性能應符合設計要求，并由相關出廠合格證和檢驗報告。2一般項目1）砌筑砂漿應密實飽滿。2）砌塊砌筑時采用的規格、品種應符合設計要求。3）砌塊墻轉角處和縱橫墻交接處應同時砌筑，咬槎緊密。如需間斷應留斜槎。4）芯柱砼施工前孔內砂漿必須消理干凈。芯柱頂部，模板支成漏斗型，砼細心搗實。5）門窗洞口兩側芯柱內預留門窗框連接件，最大間距600。6）砌筑腳手架不得擱、靠在13、砌塊墻上。7）砌筑墻立向通縫不大于2皮磚。8）每天砌筑高度不大于1.8m。3墻體的允許偏差和檢驗方法項次項目允許偏差（mm）檢驗方法1軸線位移10用尺檢驗2垂直度4用2m托線板及尺檢驗3表面平整度4用2m靠尺、塞尺檢驗4門窗洞口高、寬5用尺檢驗5外窗上下窗口偏移20以底層窗口為準經緯儀或者吊線檢查七、成品保護1各專業工種緊密配合合理安排工序，嚴禁顛倒工序施工。2專業埋件剔鑿必須待砌體墻面達到強度(施工7后)天方可進行3材料堆放必須平整，砌塊堆放不得高于1.8米，運輸時嚴禁碰撞。g an employment tribunal claimEmployment tribunals sort out14、 disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismiss15、al and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to a16、ppeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the 17、time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment t18、ribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee19、 out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear a20、bout the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmp21、loyment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and22、 I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of Euro23、pean footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a w24、ord. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or w25、rite something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己自己似乎應該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really d26、o?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past 27、three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when gradu28、ation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發現，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學錄的時候，突然就發現是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那29、么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發現自己已經想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產生化學反應的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。A persons time, your ideas are alw30、ays special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed.31、 Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經好像已經下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發現有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經注定。那些曾經所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is32、 dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally,33、 like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very 34、calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 ki35、lometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe ball36、oon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, s37、o despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the wat38、er, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to d39、eploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there14