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1、長螺旋鉆孔灌注樁施工方案目 錄1 工程概況和設(shè)計要求1.1 工程概況1.2 編制依據(jù)1.3 施工條件2 工程施工部署2.1 施工前準(zhǔn)備工作2.2 主要設(shè)備機具2.3 施工進度計劃2.4 施工組織體系3 設(shè)計工作量及工程質(zhì)量要求3.1設(shè)計工程量3.2工程質(zhì)量要求4 成樁工藝4.1 工藝流程4.2 成孔工藝4.3 超留態(tài)砼壓灌工藝4.4 鋼筋籠制作、吊裝5 工程施工管理措施5.1 質(zhì)量保證措施5.2 安全保證措施5.3 施工管理措施6 常見質(zhì)量問題及防治措施6.1 堵管6.2 卡鉆6.3 斷樁、縮徑和樁身缺陷6.4 樁頭不完整7 工程驗收提交資料7.1 施工報告1、工程概況和設(shè)計要求1.1、工程概2、況：本工程為長白機電設(shè)備檢修基地2#辦公樓樁基礎(chǔ)工程，工程地點為曹妃甸，采用長螺旋灌注樁，樁徑500/600，樁長約21米。1.2 編寫依據(jù) 1公司質(zhì)量手冊、質(zhì)量體系程序文件 2巖土工程勘察報告（2004-338）3建筑樁基技術(shù)規(guī)范（JGJ94-94）4建筑地基基礎(chǔ)工程施工質(zhì)量驗收規(guī)范（GB50202-2002）5設(shè)計提供圖紙 6工程施工合同1.3施工條件1.3.1、環(huán)境條件擬建場區(qū)地形較平坦，交通便利，水電量供應(yīng)充足，地下無管線、電纜、溝渠等障礙物。1.3.2、地層條件依據(jù)勘察測繪有限公司提交的巖土工程勘察報告1.3.3、地下水地下水類型屬潛水，穩(wěn)定水位埋深1.0米，地下水對混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)無腐蝕3、，對鋼筋混凝土中的鋼筋具弱腐蝕，對鋼結(jié)構(gòu)具弱腐蝕。2 工程施工布署2.1 施工前準(zhǔn)備工作2.1.1 編制施工組織設(shè)計，經(jīng)公司總工審批之后報監(jiān)理工程師審批。2.1.2 編制材料需要計劃。2.1.3 做好“三通一平”工作，保證鉆機作業(yè)要求并放定樁位基點基線。2.1.4 做好各級技術(shù)交底與各工種的培訓(xùn)工作。2.1.5 測量放線并由甲乙雙方共同復(fù)測樁位基線，確定無誤后，進行樁位放線，并做好標(biāo)記。2.1.6 根據(jù)場地條件，合理布置施工現(xiàn)場，確定施工順序。2.1.7 設(shè)備、材料進場，并復(fù)檢材料，安裝設(shè)備、機具。2.1.8 提出開工申請。2.1.9 簽訂各級安全、質(zhì)量責(zé)任狀。2.1.10 備齊各種技術(shù)表格，4、準(zhǔn)備施工。2.1.11 施工前作成孔試驗2根，目的在于摸清地層情況，便于控制施工參數(shù)。2.2 主要設(shè)備機具主要施工機具一覽表 名稱規(guī)格型號數(shù)量功率（KW）長螺旋鉆機CFG251臺110混凝土輸送泵HTB601臺55泵輸送管200m砼攪拌機JS5001套45電焊機DN-3002臺352=70砼試模1501501506套全站儀索佳21101臺水準(zhǔn)儀S31臺鋼筋切割機202KW2臺4.4裝載機2001輛2.3 施工進度計劃該工程施工時24小時連續(xù)作業(yè)，擬開動1臺鉆機，商品砼，配備2組灌注人員，完成該項任務(wù)約需要20天的時間。施工進度計劃詳見后附施工進度計劃橫道圖。2.4 施工組織體系該工程施工實行項5、目法施工管理，以安全、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效為目標(biāo)，建立以項目經(jīng)理為首的管理體系（見施工組織管理體系框圖），集中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，統(tǒng)一指揮，明確責(zé)任，與經(jīng)濟掛鉤，確保工程質(zhì)量及施工工期。3 設(shè)計工程量及工程質(zhì)量要求3.1 設(shè)計工程量根據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙，樁長21m，樁徑500/600mm，總灌注量1200立方米(浮漿按0.60m考慮，充盈系數(shù)按1.15考慮)。3.2 工程質(zhì)量要求1樁位：偏差小于70mm。2樁長與孔深：樁長約21m，確保入持力層不小于0.8 m。3樁身混凝土標(biāo)號C30。4樁垂直度允許偏差小于1。5樁徑：偏差50mm。6坍落度：1822cm。7充盈系數(shù)：達到1.05。8樁頂標(biāo)高：30mm、50mm。（0.0相當(dāng)6、于絕對標(biāo)高見發(fā)建施）9鋼筋籠制作嚴(yán)格按設(shè)計圖紙加工，允許偏差符合混凝土灌注樁（鋼筋籠）工程質(zhì)量驗收要求。10主筋保護層厚度50mm，樁鋼筋錨入承臺不小于35d。樁深入承臺100mm。11單樁承載力特征值為1050kpa。12施工地面與有效樁頂標(biāo)高距離不小于0.6m，以保證樁頭施工質(zhì)量和施工時隔樁跳打。13成樁后按設(shè)計要求，20%作低應(yīng)變動測，1%作高應(yīng)變動測，測樁要求按JGJ/T106-2003執(zhí)行。4 成樁工藝4.1 工藝流程長螺旋鉆孔灌注樁工序較復(fù)雜，各工序的質(zhì)量，直接影響整個工程的質(zhì)量，必須嚴(yán)格按照工藝流程施工，每道工序未經(jīng)檢查驗收不得進入下道工序施工，如果相鄰樁間距小于5倍樁徑，則還應(yīng)7、隔樁跳打，工藝流程見“長螺旋鉆孔灌注樁施工工藝流程圖”。鉆機鉆孔至設(shè)計深度（約10分鐘）砼攪拌儲存（約10分鐘）慢速提鉆（約10分鐘鋼筋籠插入固定（約3分鐘）鋼筋籠起吊就位砼連續(xù)壓灌（約10分鐘）鉆機移至下一個樁位（隔樁跳打）圖1、長螺旋鉆孔灌注樁施工工藝流程圖4.2 成孔工藝長螺旋鉆孔法是用一種大扭矩動力頭帶動的長螺旋中空鉆桿快速干鉆法，鉆孔中的土除一部分被擠壓外大部分被輸送到螺旋鉆桿葉片上，土在上升時被擠壓致密與鉆桿形成一土柱，土柱與與鉆孔間隙僅幾毫米，類似于一個長活塞，土柱使鉆孔在提鉆前不坍塌。即使在有地下水的地層，因土柱與鉆孔間隙小，鉆孔速度快，鉆孔內(nèi)滲出并積存的水很少，因此孔內(nèi)不會坍8、塌。4.3 超流態(tài)砼壓灌工藝本工藝應(yīng)用的超流態(tài)砼是在泵送砼和流態(tài)砼基礎(chǔ)上配制的，其和易性、流動性好、坍落度大，便于泵送和長鋼筋籠的下入。砼輸送泵通過高壓管路與長螺旋鉆桿相連，中空的螺旋鉆桿代停止鉆桿回轉(zhuǎn)，把攪好并儲備的超流態(tài)砼通過泵管以約30Kpa的壓力壓至鉆頭底部，此時單向閥打開，砼壓出并推動鉆桿上升，隨鉆桿土柱的上升，孔內(nèi)砼壓滿，由于孔內(nèi)積聚高壓，并有鉆桿的抽吸作用，在軟地段砼會充盈較多形成擴徑樁，對提高樁承載力很有好處。4.4 鋼筋籠制作、吊裝4.4.1鋼筋籠制作4.4.1.1鋼筋籠設(shè)計要求樁基礎(chǔ)鋼筋籠主筋為16，螺旋筋為8；加強箍筋14。預(yù)留錨固筋長度為35d（詳見設(shè)計圖紙）。4.4.9、1.2制作質(zhì)量要求1主筋制作前必須平直，不得有局部彎曲；鋼筋表面不得有油污和銹蝕。2主筋與加強箍筋之間點焊牢固，主筋與箍筋之間要綁扎牢固。3鋼筋搭接采用搭接焊，搭接長度：雙面焊5d，單面焊10d，d為鋼筋直徑。4按規(guī)范與設(shè)計要求制作，制作尺寸允許偏差如下：項目允許偏差項目允許偏差主筋間距10 mm籠徑10mm箍筋間距20mm籠長100mm4.4.2 鋼筋籠吊裝砼漿經(jīng)加壓泵隨著螺旋鉆上升將樁孔灌滿后，隨即吊裝鋼筋籠。安裝鋼筋籠時要求操作平穩(wěn)，防止鋼筋籠發(fā)生變形；下放鋼筋籠時對準(zhǔn)孔位中心輕放、慢放，嚴(yán)禁高起猛落、強行下放，防止傾斜、彎折或碰撞孔壁。經(jīng)過點焊成型的鋼筋籠吊起居中后靠自重即可插入砼一定10、深度，籠較長靠自重或無法壓入時，可加震動器震入。5 工程施工管理措施5.1 質(zhì)量保證措施長螺旋鉆孔灌注樁為地下隱蔽工程，施工過程中必須實行嚴(yán)格而有效的質(zhì)量管理制度，以確保工程質(zhì)量，特提出如下措施：5.1.1 對全體施工人員要加強質(zhì)量管理，牢固樹立“質(zhì)量第一”的觀念，做到人人重視質(zhì)量，關(guān)心質(zhì)量，自覺采取措施保證質(zhì)量。5.1.2 實行全面質(zhì)量管理，重點是鉆進成孔、制籠、灌注混凝土和下鋼筋籠四個主要工序，先行施工的工序未經(jīng)檢查驗收不準(zhǔn)進入下道工序施工。5.1.3 由工程技術(shù)人員、機臺施工人員共同組成QC小組，及時解決施工中的質(zhì)量問題。5.1.4 嚴(yán)格按設(shè)計要求制作鋼筋籠，檢驗混凝土攪拌質(zhì)量，水泥、砂11、子、石子、水必須過磅，按配合比攪拌。5.1.5 認(rèn)真、準(zhǔn)確地做好各工序施工記錄，及時交匯，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題后立即采取補救措施，對原始資料嚴(yán)格管理，及時整理歸檔，工程結(jié)束后寫出施工報告。5.1.6 待樁砼養(yǎng)護28天后，根據(jù)設(shè)計樁頂標(biāo)高，鑿除樁頭，由甲方選定測樁單位對樁進行測試。5.2 安全生產(chǎn)措施5.2.1 全施工人員都必須嚴(yán)格遵守安全操作規(guī)程，牢固樹立“安全 第一”的思想，自覺采取措施確保安全生產(chǎn)。5.2.2 嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行有關(guān)安全工作規(guī)定，互相監(jiān)督，嚴(yán)防事故的發(fā)生。5.2.3 設(shè)置合理的供電系統(tǒng)，經(jīng)常檢查線路是否有斷線、破皮、短路等情況。5.2.4 機械設(shè)備的安全裝置必須處于良好狀態(tài)，對裸露的傳動系統(tǒng)或易12、于造成事故的凸出部位設(shè)置安全防護罩。 5.2.5 各崗位工作人員，必須思想集中，認(rèn)真操作，發(fā)現(xiàn)事故隱患及時處理，決不湊合。5.2.6 工地設(shè)置安全小組成員4人，除經(jīng)常檢查及時消除事故隱患外，行使下列權(quán)力：1當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)違章指揮時，有權(quán)拒絕執(zhí)行。2當(dāng)崗位人員違章蠻干時，有權(quán)停止其操作； 3在重大事故隱患未排除之前，有權(quán)停止生產(chǎn)；4對在安全生產(chǎn)中做出突出貢獻和造成重大事故者有權(quán)提出獎罰意見。5.3 施工管理措施5.3.1 長螺旋鉆孔灌注樁工藝程序繁雜，必須做到精心組織，科學(xué)管理。 5.3.2 建立健全組織管理機構(gòu)，設(shè)置項目經(jīng)理1人，工程技術(shù)負責(zé)1人，鉆進成孔、制作鋼筋籠、攪拌混凝土、砼灌注等主要工序，分13、別設(shè)立負責(zé)人，名負其責(zé)。5.3.3 加強質(zhì)量意識教育，實行全面質(zhì)量管理，設(shè)質(zhì)量檢查員2人，嚴(yán)把質(zhì)量關(guān)，各工序不經(jīng)檢查驗收不得轉(zhuǎn)入下道工序施工。以確保整個工程質(zhì)量滿足設(shè)計要求。5.3.4 加強計劃管理，統(tǒng)籌安排各項工作，科學(xué)有效地指導(dǎo)施工。5.3.5 實行崗位責(zé)任制度，不僅包括工作量指標(biāo)，而且含質(zhì)量、安全等指標(biāo)，充分調(diào)動廣大施工人員的積極性，優(yōu)質(zhì)、安全高效地完成該項目鉆孔灌注樁施工任務(wù)。6 常見質(zhì)量問題及防治措施6.1 堵管長螺旋鉆孔鉆頭兩邊設(shè)計有兩個鉆門，在施工過程中鉆門關(guān)閉防止鉆屑進入鉆桿內(nèi)造成鉆桿堵塞。當(dāng)泵砼時隨著泵壓增加兩鉆門打開，由此將砼灌入孔內(nèi)。一旦提鉆時鉆門打不開，直接導(dǎo)致鉆孔內(nèi)無14、混凝土，后果嚴(yán)重。所以要求每次開鉆前后均應(yīng)檢查鉆門是否卡死。如果出現(xiàn)塑性高的粘性土層，則采用鉆具回轉(zhuǎn)泵砼法，就是在泵砼的同時使鉆具在提拉下正向回轉(zhuǎn)，使擠壓在鉆門的泥松動或脫落，從而在泵壓下打開鉆門。6.2 卡鉆長螺旋鉆機鉆進過程中如果鉆具下放速度過快，致使鉆出的鉆屑來不及帶出孔外而積壓鉆桿與孔壁之間，嚴(yán)重時就會造成卡鉆事故。如果事故輕微，應(yīng)立即關(guān)掉回轉(zhuǎn)動力電源，將鉆具用最低提升速度提起后重新施鉆即可；如果事故嚴(yán)重首先應(yīng)將鉆機塔下大梁用機枕木墊好，再用最低提升速度拉鉆具。6.3 斷樁、縮徑和樁身缺陷出現(xiàn)該問題的主要原因是由于鉆桿提升速度太快，而泵砼量與之不匹配，在鉆桿提升過程中鉆孔內(nèi)產(chǎn)生負壓，使15、孔壁塌陷造成斷樁，而且有時還會影響鄰樁。解決此類問題的方法一是合理選擇鉆桿提升速度，通常為1.82.4m/min，保證鉆頭在砼里埋深始終控制在1m以上，保證帶壓提鉆；二是隔樁跳打，如果鄰樁間距小于5d時，則必須隔樁跳打。6.4 樁頭不完整造成這一問題的主要原因是?；颐孢^低，沒預(yù)留充足的廢樁頭，有時提鉆速度過快也會導(dǎo)致樁頭偏低，解決之道在于平整工場地時保證地面與有效樁頂標(biāo)高距離不小于0.6m，?；颐娌恍∮谟行ы斠陨?.6m。7 工程驗收提交資料本工程施工結(jié)束后，應(yīng)歸檔以下資料。7.1 施工報告7.2 附件7.2.1 樁位竣工平面圖7.2.2 鋼筋隱蔽工程檢查驗收記錄7.2.3 混凝土工程施工記錄16、7.2.4 長螺旋鉆孔泵壓混凝土樁施工記錄7.2.5 混凝土灌注樁（鋼筋籠）工程檢驗批質(zhì)量驗收記錄表7.2.6 混凝土灌注樁工程檢驗批質(zhì)量驗收記錄表7.2.7 鋼材、水泥、砂、石等原材檢驗報告7.2.8 鋼筋焊接、試塊抗壓實驗報告7.2.9 砼配合比通知單7.2.10 樁基檢測報告7.2.11 樁基工程驗收記錄g an employment tribunal claimEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an emp17、loyment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal,18、 even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribu19、nal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurth20、er help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribun21、al, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreem22、ent. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced a23、dviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the he24、ad of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and 25、I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the r26、eferees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appeara27、nce of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel somethi28、ng, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes ar29、e necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really gr30、ow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, loo31、ked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投32、過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also 33、once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-r34、ighteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shir35、t; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的36、信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cov37、er. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (538、.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he39、 will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It wi40、ll be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But th41、is will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,00042、 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there