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1、 新建鐵路大準(zhǔn)至朔黃鐵路聯(lián)絡(luò)線ZCZQ11標(biāo) 馮莊隧道不良地質(zhì)和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)段專項(xiàng)施工方案 目錄一、適用范圍3二、編制依據(jù)3三、隧道概況和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析33.1、隧道概況3、工程概況3、地震動(dòng)參數(shù)5、水文地質(zhì)特征5、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造5、本隧道各級(jí)圍巖級(jí)別及所占比例53.2、馮莊隧道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析63.3馮莊隧道初始風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)83.4、組織機(jī)構(gòu)11、組織機(jī)構(gòu)及聯(lián)系方式12四、不良地質(zhì)和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地段施工方案124.1、塌方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)施工方案124.2、突水突泥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地段施工方案154.3、變形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地段施工方案184.4洞口失穩(wěn)地段施工方案18馮莊隧道不良地質(zhì)和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)段專項(xiàng)施工方案為加強(qiáng)隧道施工中不良地質(zhì)的管理和監(jiān)控，預(yù)防和控制危險(xiǎn)源可2、能出現(xiàn)的緊急情況，盡可能減少事故造成的人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，根據(jù)上級(jí)要求并結(jié)合本工程項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際，特制定此專項(xiàng)施工方案。一、適用范圍馮莊隧道二、編制依據(jù) 1、中華人民共和國安全生產(chǎn)法2、建設(shè)工程安全生產(chǎn)管理?xiàng)l例3、生產(chǎn)安全事故報(bào)告與調(diào)查處理?xiàng)l例4、安全生產(chǎn)事故隱患排查治理暫行規(guī)定5、鐵路工程施工安全技術(shù)規(guī)程6、馮莊隧道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估報(bào)告7、施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)臨時(shí)用電安全技術(shù)規(guī)程8、鐵路隧道鉆爆法施工工序及作業(yè)指南9、鐵建設(shè)【2007】102號(hào)文關(guān)于印發(fā)加強(qiáng)鐵路隧道工程安全工作的若干意見的通知10、鐵建設(shè)函【2007】1007號(hào)關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)鐵路隧道安全工作的通知11、鐵建設(shè)【2010】120號(hào)關(guān)于進(jìn)一步明確軟弱圍3、巖及不良地質(zhì)鐵路隧道設(shè)計(jì)施工有關(guān)技術(shù)規(guī)定的通知12、設(shè)計(jì)圖紙及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的實(shí)際情況三、隧道概況和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析3.1、隧道概況3.1.1、工程概況馮莊隧道位于中山區(qū),地勢(shì)起伏較大,地形較陡峭,自然坡度2030植被不發(fā)育。工點(diǎn)所經(jīng)區(qū)域地面標(biāo)高15021554m，相對(duì)高差約52m。隧道進(jìn)口洞口山坡為臺(tái)階地，自然坡約35，黃土層覆蓋較厚。出口山坡較緩，局部可見基巖外露。隧道行政隸屬山西省忻州市神池縣，進(jìn)口線路右側(cè)約350m有小神線通過，交通尚比較便利。隧道起訖里程為DK166+850DK167+421，全長(zhǎng)571m，洞身最大埋深約67m，為單洞雙線隧道。整個(gè)隧道位于曲線段，左線和右線的曲線半徑分別為R=800和4、R=804.39。洞內(nèi)左線路肩設(shè)計(jì)縱坡為3.2單面上坡。3.1.2、地層巖性工程內(nèi)地層為第四系上更新統(tǒng)洪，風(fēng)積砂質(zhì)黃土；下伏基巖為奧陶系中統(tǒng)灰?guī)r。其巖性特征詳述如下：砂質(zhì)黃土（Q3pl+eol3）：主要分布在隧道進(jìn)出口,褐黃色,硬塑，土質(zhì)均勻，顆粒成份以粉粒為主，厚014m，級(jí)普通土，0=150KP。黏質(zhì)黃土（Q3pl+eol3）：主要分布在隧道進(jìn)出口，褐黃色，硬塑，土質(zhì)不均勻，局部夾粗角礫石，厚約14m，級(jí)普通土，0=150KP。奧陶系中統(tǒng)地層：灰?guī)r（O2Ls）：灰白色，巖質(zhì)較硬，隱晶質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，中厚層狀構(gòu)造；強(qiáng)風(fēng)化層厚27m，級(jí)軟石，0=500KP；其下弱風(fēng)化灰?guī)r，級(jí)次堅(jiān)石，0=1200 KP5、。灰?guī)r巖層產(chǎn)狀近水平。發(fā)育三組節(jié)理：J1：N85E/80S，為封閉節(jié)理。裂隙XX，錳質(zhì)侵染，節(jié)理間距約0.2m；J2：N10E/80S，為封閉節(jié)理。裂隙XX，錳質(zhì)侵染，節(jié)理間距約0.3m；J3：N60E/89S，為張開節(jié)理。裂隙XX，錳質(zhì)侵染，節(jié)理間距約0.3m，縫寬約40mm，延伸長(zhǎng)度約2m。3.1.3、地震動(dòng)參數(shù)根據(jù)GB183062001中國地震動(dòng)參數(shù)區(qū)劃圖，結(jié)合實(shí)地調(diào)查，隧道區(qū)地震動(dòng)峰值加速度0.10g(地震基本烈度為度)，地震動(dòng)反應(yīng)譜特征周期0.40s，地震動(dòng)反應(yīng)譜特征周期分區(qū)為二區(qū)。3.1.4、水文地質(zhì)特征勘察期間未見地下水，屬地下水較為貧乏地區(qū)。隧道區(qū)地下水埋深大，隧道洞身巖體節(jié)理6、裂隙發(fā)育，雨季地表水下滲，局部水量較大，雨季施工時(shí)應(yīng)注意排水。3.1.5、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造場(chǎng)地內(nèi)地形地貌單一，地層巖性主要為第四系上更新統(tǒng)洪、風(fēng)積砂質(zhì)黃土及奧陶系中統(tǒng)灰?guī)r，無影響工程的大的斷裂構(gòu)造。3.1.6、本隧道各級(jí)圍巖級(jí)別及所占比例隧道各級(jí)圍巖分級(jí)表里程長(zhǎng)度圍巖分級(jí)DK166+850DK166+88737DK166+887DK166+92538DK166+925DK166+96035DK166+960DK167+00545DK167+005DK167+10095DK167+100DK167+17070DK167+170DK167+22050DK167+220DK167+28565DK167+287、5DK167+36075DK167+360DK167+39636DK167+396DK167+42125圖1 隧道圍巖級(jí)別比例圖3.2、馮莊隧道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析根據(jù)本階段地質(zhì)勘測(cè)資料：本隧道穿越奧陶系中統(tǒng)灰?guī)r，灰白色，弱風(fēng)化，節(jié)理裂隙稍發(fā)育，地下水為基巖裂隙水，巖體完整性一般，隧道進(jìn)出口分布第四系風(fēng)坡積砂質(zhì)黃土，褐黃色，具濕陷性，濕陷土層厚度約15m，濕陷系數(shù)0.0220.037，為級(jí)（中等）自重濕陷性場(chǎng)地。施工中應(yīng)考慮黃土的濕陷性對(duì)隧道的影響，需采取措施進(jìn)行處理。黏質(zhì)黃土局部夾粗角礫石，褐黃色，厚約14m，下伏基巖為奧陶系中統(tǒng)灰?guī)r，灰白色，弱風(fēng)化，節(jié)理裂隙稍發(fā)育，厚25m，其下弱風(fēng)化，節(jié)理裂隙稍發(fā)育8、。地下水主要為基巖裂隙水，不發(fā)育。隧道級(jí)圍巖占13%，級(jí)圍巖占34%，級(jí)圍巖占43%。進(jìn)出口為新黃土地層，具有濕陷性，上覆土層較薄，洞身頂處地表存有沖溝。因此，本隧道主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為塌方、變形、突水突泥、洞口失穩(wěn)等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，全隧存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和可能發(fā)生的典型風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件分析如下：1、出口為橋隧相連，施工工序干擾性較大，組織不利容易產(chǎn)生施工安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和廢棄分項(xiàng)工程。隧道進(jìn)口淺埋段，表層為第四系風(fēng)坡積砂質(zhì)黃土，穩(wěn)定性差，基底發(fā)現(xiàn)溶洞，出口淺埋段，奧陶系中統(tǒng)灰?guī)r節(jié)理裂隙稍發(fā)育，洞口邊仰坡開挖。2、DK166+850DK166+887段，進(jìn)口淺埋段，表層為第四系風(fēng)坡積砂質(zhì)黃土，穩(wěn)定性差，基底發(fā)現(xiàn)溶洞，本斷施工施工時(shí)，很可9、能發(fā)生塌方，洞口失穩(wěn)，變形。3、DK166+887DK166+925段，本段為級(jí)圍巖黃土淺埋段，施工時(shí)，很可能發(fā)生塌方，變形。4、DK166+925DK166+960段，本段為土石分界線，施工時(shí)很可能發(fā)生塌方，突水突泥。5、DK166+960DK167+005段，本段為級(jí)圍巖黃土淺埋地段，巖體完整性一般，本段施工時(shí)，可能發(fā)生塌方，變形。6、DK167+005DK167+100段，級(jí)圍巖，巖體整體性一般，施工時(shí)可能發(fā)生塌方，變形。7、DK167+100DK167+170段，級(jí)圍巖水平巖層，巖體完整性一般，施工時(shí)可能發(fā)生塌方，變形。8、DK167+170DK167+220段，級(jí)圍巖水平巖層，施工時(shí)10、可能發(fā)生塌方，變形。9、DK167+220DK167+285段，級(jí)圍巖水平巖層，巖體完整性一般，施工時(shí)可能發(fā)生塌方，變形。10、DK167+285DK167+360段，級(jí)圍巖，巖體完整性一般，施工時(shí)可能發(fā)生塌方，變形。11、DK167+360DK167+396段，級(jí)圍巖地段，節(jié)理裂隙稍發(fā)育，施工時(shí)可能發(fā)生塌方，變形。12、DK167+396DK167+421段，出口淺埋段，奧陶系中統(tǒng)灰?guī)r節(jié)理裂隙稍發(fā)育，洞口邊仰坡開挖，施工時(shí)可能發(fā)生塌方，洞口失穩(wěn)，變形。綜上所述，馮莊隧道存在的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型有：突水突泥、埸方、洞口失穩(wěn)、大變形。突水突泥主要集中在DK166+925DK166+960段；本隧道全隧11、均存在高度和中度等級(jí)的埸方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；變形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)主要集中于隧道進(jìn)口、出口、洞身淺埋地段，全隧變形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)均為高度及以下。洞口淺埋段容易發(fā)生洞口失穩(wěn)。3.3馮莊隧道初始風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)通過風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析，馮莊隧道各段落中存在的初始風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果見表1：經(jīng)評(píng)估，本隧道中的主要典型風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件類型為塌方、洞口失穩(wěn)、大變形及突水突泥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；初始風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為高度及以上的共有20處。具體情況如下：1、塌方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)11處風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為高度的段落共3處，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為中度度的段落共有9處。2、突水突泥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)1處風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為高度的段落共1處。3、變形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)10處風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為高度的段落共2處。4、洞口失穩(wěn)2處風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)進(jìn)口處為高度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)，出口為中度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)。Opini12、ons and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the 13、partys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the followin14、g implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of15、 important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requir16、ements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight17、 regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the18、 whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further chan19、ge the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the c20、ounty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and othe21、r grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law22、 supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass l23、ine line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, m24、ore focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision pract25、ice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and lead26、ing cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around 27、the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Bene28、fit the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, or29、ders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, servi30、ce industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the cor31、rect road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publici32、ty of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the in33、tegration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspecti34、on and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construc35、tion management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market compet36、ition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire wo37、rkforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country a38、nd the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.11 中鐵二十一局準(zhǔn)池鐵路項(xiàng)目部表1 馮莊隧道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)分析評(píng)價(jià)馮莊隧道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估表里程長(zhǎng)度(m)初始風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處理39、措施殘余風(fēng)險(xiǎn)殘余風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處理起始里程終止里程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件概率等級(jí)后果等級(jí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)概率等級(jí)后果等級(jí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK166+850DK166+88737塌方、洞口失穩(wěn)、變形43高度108管棚預(yù)加固，巖溶普查，錨噴支護(hù)，CRD法施工21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK166+887DK166+92538塌方、變形43高度42超前小導(dǎo)管預(yù)加固地層，三臺(tái)階七步開挖法施工21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK166+925DK166+96035塌方、突水突泥43高度42超前小導(dǎo)管預(yù)加固地層，加強(qiáng)初期支護(hù)21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK166+960DK167+00545塌方、變形32中度級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌，格柵鋼架，環(huán)形開挖預(yù)留核心土施工240、1低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK167+005DK167+10095塌方、變形32中度級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌，格柵鋼架，臺(tái)階法施工21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK167+100DK167+17070塌方、變形32中度及時(shí)施工支護(hù)，優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)錨桿布置，臺(tái)階法施工21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK167+170DK167+22050塌方、變形22中度級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌11低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK167+220DK167+28565塌方、變形32中度及時(shí)施工支護(hù)，優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)錨桿布置，臺(tái)階法施工21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK167+285DK167+36075塌方、變形32中度級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌，格柵鋼架，臺(tái)階法施工21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK167+3641、0DK167+39636塌方、變形32中度42超前小導(dǎo)管預(yù)加固地層，環(huán)形開挖預(yù)留核心土法施工21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)DK167+396DK167+42125塌方、洞口失穩(wěn)、變形32中度108管棚預(yù)加固地層錨噴支護(hù)，環(huán)形開挖預(yù)留核心土法施工21低度加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè) 序號(hào)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件風(fēng)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生原因險(xiǎn)源類別后果備注1變形塌方埋深、圍巖穩(wěn)定性、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、地下水、初支失效和施工質(zhì)量地質(zhì)、地形、施工因素可能引發(fā)重大安全事故2炸藥意外爆炸裝藥時(shí)帶火種、鉆眼與裝藥平行作業(yè)施工因素可能引發(fā)重大安全事故3產(chǎn)生盲炮導(dǎo)爆索、雷管安裝不規(guī)范、火工品質(zhì)量施工因素可能引發(fā)重大安全事故4塵、毒、噪聲污染通風(fēng)不及時(shí)、干鉆、不戴防護(hù)用具施工因42、素可能損害人員健康5觸電洞內(nèi)電路安裝、維護(hù)或使用不規(guī)范或違章施工因素可能引發(fā)重大安全事故6洞頂落石清危排險(xiǎn)不徹底或初支不及時(shí)或方法不當(dāng)施工因素可能引發(fā)重大安全事故7車輛碰撞洞內(nèi)排風(fēng)不暢、能見度低或車上過快施工因素可能損害人員健康 隧道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)清單 3.4、組織機(jī)構(gòu)組 長(zhǎng)：項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理副組長(zhǎng)：項(xiàng)目副經(jīng)理、項(xiàng)目總工各工序安全控制各業(yè)務(wù)部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工區(qū)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)、工班長(zhǎng)各工點(diǎn)安全控制安全管理領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組3.4.1、組織機(jī)構(gòu)及聯(lián)系方式隧道施工事故總指揮樊 永 連搶險(xiǎn)行動(dòng)組組長(zhǎng)：劉文忠對(duì)外協(xié)才調(diào)組組長(zhǎng)：相立群現(xiàn)場(chǎng)技術(shù)組組長(zhǎng)：張忠德通訊聯(lián)絡(luò)組組長(zhǎng)：鄭東來物資設(shè)備組組長(zhǎng)：趙四方疏散救護(hù)組組長(zhǎng)：鄧文付四、不良地質(zhì)和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地段施工方43、案4.1、塌方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)施工方案1、做好超前地質(zhì)預(yù)報(bào)，采用以鉆探為主，地震波法、紅外線等多種物探法遠(yuǎn)期與近期相結(jié)合的綜合判定。以摸清斷層的圍巖結(jié)構(gòu)和富水情況，為制定相應(yīng)的對(duì)策提供第一手資料；根據(jù)地質(zhì)變化及早制定預(yù)案和措施。2、洞口淺埋段宜采用CRD施工方法和環(huán)形預(yù)留核心土施工方法，洞身級(jí)圍巖宜采用臺(tái)階法、級(jí)圍巖黏質(zhì)黃土淺埋段宜采用三臺(tái)階七步開挖、其余級(jí)圍巖宜采用環(huán)形預(yù)留核心土、級(jí)圍巖宜采用全斷面施工方法；加強(qiáng)初期支護(hù)和鋼架鎖腳錨桿等措施。3、進(jìn)口DK166+850DK166+887洞口開挖邊坡臨時(shí)防護(hù)采用錨噴支護(hù)，噴混凝土（C25）厚10cm；錨桿22，長(zhǎng)度3m,間距1.21.2m，梅花型布置；鋼架44、網(wǎng)采用8，間距2525cm。永久邊坡采用骨架護(hù)坡，形成綠色防護(hù)。隧道洞門擋墻、端墻基礎(chǔ)采用三七灰土換填2m，換填應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照現(xiàn)行濕陷性黃土地區(qū)建筑規(guī)范的施工要求施做。4、進(jìn)口DK166+850DK166+887洞口暗挖段采用一排108mm長(zhǎng)40m超前大管棚支護(hù)進(jìn)洞，出口DK167+396DK167+421洞口暗挖段采用108mm長(zhǎng)28m超前大管棚支護(hù)進(jìn)洞.5、DK166+854DK166+890段。隧底距軌面高程約11.514.0m存在黏土充填溶洞，考慮運(yùn)營(yíng)安全，對(duì)溶洞進(jìn)行注漿處理，處理范圍為隧道中線兩側(cè)各15m，注漿孔間距1.51.5，梅花型布置，施工中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)隧道基地巖溶普查，更具揭示的溶洞形45、態(tài)與隧道的關(guān)系，進(jìn)行綜合治理，動(dòng)態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)。6、本隧道洞身巖層層理平緩且裂隙較發(fā)育，隧道開挖后容易造成層間黏結(jié)強(qiáng)度下降，支護(hù)不及時(shí)，易掉塊，局部塌方。隧道級(jí)圍巖平緩巖層地段，施工中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)，注意觀察拱部巖體變化，開挖后及時(shí)施作初期支護(hù)，可根據(jù)圍巖情況，優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)錨桿布置，加強(qiáng)拱部支護(hù)，錨桿總數(shù)不變，施工時(shí)可根據(jù)巖體破碎程度及層間黏結(jié)力綜合判斷，必要時(shí)采取加強(qiáng)支護(hù)措施。7、隧道洞身超前支護(hù)表23馮莊隧道超前支護(hù)表里程長(zhǎng)度(m)襯砌類型超前支護(hù)及其他措施施工方法起始里程終止里程DK166+850DK166+88737b型復(fù)合式襯砌108大管棚超前預(yù)支護(hù)，長(zhǎng)度40m，環(huán)向間距40cmCRD法DK1646、6+887DK166+92538b型復(fù)合式襯砌42 超前小導(dǎo)管, 環(huán)向間距40cm，t=3.5mm,4榀一環(huán)三臺(tái)階七步開挖法DK166+925DK166+96035b型復(fù)合式襯砌42 超前小導(dǎo)管, 環(huán)向間距40cm，t=3.5mm,4榀一環(huán)三臺(tái)階七步開挖法DK166+960DK167+00545級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌42 超前小導(dǎo)管, 環(huán)向間距40cm,t=3.5mm,3榀一環(huán)環(huán)形開挖預(yù)留核心土DK167+005DK167+10095級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌臺(tái)階法DK167+100DK167+17070級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌臺(tái)階法DK167+170DK167+22050級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌全斷面法DK167+220D47、K167+28565級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌臺(tái)階法DK167+285DK167+36075級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式襯砌臺(tái)階法DK167+360DK167+39636級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式加強(qiáng)襯砌42超前小導(dǎo)管, 環(huán)向間距40cm，t=3.5mm,3榀一環(huán) 環(huán)形開挖預(yù)留核心土DK167+396DK167+42125級(jí)圍巖復(fù)合式加強(qiáng)襯砌108大管棚超前預(yù)支護(hù)，長(zhǎng)度28m, 環(huán)向間距40cm環(huán)形開挖預(yù)留核心土7、嚴(yán)格控制開挖進(jìn)尺。嚴(yán)格遵循“管超前、弱爆破、強(qiáng)支護(hù)、早封閉、勤量測(cè)、及時(shí)襯砌”的施工原則，確保不出現(xiàn)塌方。及時(shí)噴射砼，必要時(shí)摻加鋼纖維，以增加支護(hù)的強(qiáng)度。8、施工中加強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)支護(hù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)，并根據(jù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)結(jié)果及時(shí)調(diào)整初期支護(hù)48、及施作二次襯砌。9、橋隧相連的進(jìn)出口洞門施工，合理的安排施工工序，精心的施工組織。10、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)備足封堵材料，如砂袋、袋裝水泥、TGRM漿、發(fā)泡注漿搶堵劑等，同時(shí)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儲(chǔ)備足夠排水設(shè)備。11、洞內(nèi)設(shè)置逃生管道。逃生管道設(shè)置在沿隧道墻角地面處設(shè)置，管口一端距下臺(tái)階不大于5 m，另一端延伸至已做襯砌段6米的位置。管道采用直徑800mm的承插鋼管。管道內(nèi)預(yù)留工作繩、應(yīng)急水管（飲用）、電話線、照明線等。12、當(dāng)發(fā)生塌方事故時(shí)，人員應(yīng)立即撤離工作面，在有條件并保證人員安全的情況下撤出設(shè)備。同時(shí)作業(yè)人員及時(shí)向項(xiàng)目部匯報(bào)。項(xiàng)目部根據(jù)發(fā)生塌方的位置、原因、范圍以及圍巖的暫時(shí)穩(wěn)定程度制訂控制方案。4.2、突水突泥風(fēng)49、險(xiǎn)地段施工方案本標(biāo)段隧道巖層節(jié)理發(fā)育，導(dǎo)水性強(qiáng)，貫通性較好，在這種地質(zhì)條件下易出現(xiàn)突水、突泥。施工時(shí)采取如下施工方法。1、為了保證各個(gè)工作面的施工人員能夠及時(shí)撤離，洞內(nèi)建立統(tǒng)一的報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，并根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)程度的不同，確定預(yù)警等級(jí)，根據(jù)預(yù)警等級(jí)的不同，確定不同的報(bào)警信號(hào)，報(bào)警信號(hào)要能夠明確辨別，防止由于信號(hào)辨別不清，造成撤離的混亂。2、開挖采用三臺(tái)階七步開挖法，減少一次進(jìn)入斷層或富水段的工作面積。開挖時(shí)盡可能采用機(jī)械開挖，不宜采用爆破開挖，若必須采用爆破開挖時(shí)，堅(jiān)持多打眼、少裝藥的弱爆破施工技術(shù)，減小對(duì)圍巖的擾動(dòng)。上部斷面開挖時(shí)，工作面水平鉆機(jī)超前探水孔深3050m，進(jìn)行泄水，然后再進(jìn)行開挖。3、若隧50、道開挖后出現(xiàn)局部滲水，根據(jù)不同情況采取相應(yīng)措施，地下水狀態(tài)級(jí)（滲水量10L/min10m），可采用噴射混凝土封堵滲水。地下水狀態(tài)、級(jí)（級(jí)，滲水量1025L/min10m，級(jí)，滲水量25125L/min10m），隧道采用徑向注漿止水措施，以確保施工安全、防止地下水大量流失，并對(duì)附近居民的水井、泉水出露點(diǎn)進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期觀測(cè)，防止隧道施工造成地表水干涸。注漿堵水后，地下水狀態(tài)應(yīng)達(dá)到無水或小于地下水狀態(tài)級(jí)（干燥或濕潤(rùn)：滲水量3L/min10m）方可施工防水板和二次襯砌。帷幕注漿施工方案：注漿方式采用超前預(yù)注漿、后注漿、局部注漿、補(bǔ)注漿四種方式相結(jié)合，基本注漿方案分為下列幾種：超前預(yù)注漿：隧道開挖后全斷面徑向51、注漿，每循環(huán)長(zhǎng)度15m，固結(jié)范圍為開挖輪廓線外3.5m，施工時(shí)根據(jù)實(shí)際地質(zhì)情況進(jìn)行調(diào)整。后注漿：待每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)注完后，可鉆23個(gè)檢查孔檢查注漿效果，如未達(dá)到預(yù)期效果，應(yīng)以小導(dǎo)管壓注補(bǔ)充注漿。局部注漿：洞室開挖后，如果局部還有漏水，可進(jìn)行局部直接暴露注漿。補(bǔ)注漿：上述三種注漿方式實(shí)施后，仍未達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求時(shí)，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇上述注漿方式一種或幾種進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充注漿。注漿材料：注漿材料選用普通水泥漿、TGRM漿，如局部出現(xiàn)漏漿可采用發(fā)泡注漿搶堵劑進(jìn)行封堵。在隧道開挖過程中，及時(shí)進(jìn)行超前地質(zhì)預(yù)報(bào)，以摸清斷層的圍巖結(jié)構(gòu)和富水情況，為制定相應(yīng)的對(duì)策提供第一手資料；根據(jù)實(shí)際情況擬采用全封閉或半封閉注漿止水固結(jié)施工技術(shù)52、；4、嚴(yán)格遵守“管超前、短進(jìn)尺、弱爆破、強(qiáng)支護(hù)、快封閉、勤量測(cè)”的原則進(jìn)行施工。增加大管棚、小導(dǎo)管等超前支護(hù)措施，改用CRD法開挖，及時(shí)噴射砼，必要時(shí)摻加微纖維，以增加支護(hù)的強(qiáng)度。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)備足封堵材料，如砂袋、袋裝水泥、TGRM漿、發(fā)泡注漿搶堵劑等，同時(shí)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儲(chǔ)備足夠排水設(shè)備。5、在掌子面涌水、突泥早期，為了控制涌水量和水壓力，在掌子面附近配備足夠的堵漏材料，如快凝、早強(qiáng)水泥，鋼釬、木楔等，當(dāng)巖石裂隙或巖溶管道涌水量不大時(shí)可直接采用麻絲膠泥封堵，涌水量大時(shí)，采用錘頭打入纏有麻絲膠泥的木楔或鋼釬封堵，為了降低涌水速度，在距離掌子面一定距離1020m砌筑砂袋墻，加快泥砂淤積，減少出水口和涌水量，砂袋墻53、的寬度一般超過5m。6、反坡施工段落配置足夠的抽水設(shè)備，對(duì)長(zhǎng)距離抽水設(shè)置梯級(jí)泵站。7、黃土沖溝段，部分淺埋段采取明洞通過，對(duì)洞頂加強(qiáng)地表水監(jiān)測(cè)及做好隔水、引排，其他段采取雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑法或三臺(tái)階七步開挖法，加強(qiáng)支護(hù)措施通過。4.3、變形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地段施工方案1、分不同的地層采用不同的支護(hù)參數(shù)和不同的施工方法來控制圍巖變形。2、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試圍巖松動(dòng)圈的范圍，根據(jù)圍巖應(yīng)力特征，采用加大預(yù)留變形量、加長(zhǎng)錨桿、加強(qiáng)支護(hù)參數(shù)等來控制變形。3、嚴(yán)格貫徹“短開挖、弱爆破、強(qiáng)支護(hù)、快封閉、勤測(cè)量、及早襯砌”原則進(jìn)行施工。4、加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)，適時(shí)調(diào)整初期支護(hù)措施，仰拱緊跟，及時(shí)襯砌。5、對(duì)于膨脹土質(zhì)段落，主要通過變形留夠、底部54、加強(qiáng)等措施，人工或機(jī)械開挖，減少圍巖擾動(dòng)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。6、發(fā)生擠壓大變形時(shí)，必要時(shí)采用多重支護(hù)、分次施工技術(shù)來控制變形。4.4洞口失穩(wěn)地段施工方案 隧道進(jìn)口、出口位于淺埋段，洞口施工將會(huì)對(duì)土體擾動(dòng)洞口山體失穩(wěn)，為保證施工安全，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)施工過程中的監(jiān)控和管理。 洞口開挖安全注意事項(xiàng)： 洞口邊坡開挖前，先在明洞邊坡開挖線外布置觀測(cè)點(diǎn)，嚴(yán)密洞頂圍巖變化。觀測(cè)點(diǎn)應(yīng)布置在仰坡頂510m的范圍，間距每5m一個(gè)。還應(yīng)根據(jù)巖層走向、厚度、頂部位置具體設(shè)置，應(yīng)保證能觀測(cè)到順層巖體的位置變化。豎向觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，分析洞頂圍巖變化，當(dāng)洞頂沉降出現(xiàn)突變，產(chǎn)生較大的橫向、豎向位移時(shí)，應(yīng)實(shí)地觀測(cè)洞頂?shù)乇碛袩o出現(xiàn)裂縫，并加強(qiáng)觀測(cè)。如果55、觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)有繼續(xù)加大，裂縫寬度變大或者數(shù)量增多，則洞口可能出現(xiàn)失穩(wěn)需要停止進(jìn)洞進(jìn)行處理。洞口段正洞施工：a、進(jìn)洞開挖，開挖方式采用CRD法。遵循“短進(jìn)尺、弱爆破、早封閉、勤量測(cè)”的施工原則，每循環(huán)進(jìn)尺以一榀拱架間距為宜，盡量采用預(yù)裂爆破。b、觀測(cè)記錄工作面的工程地質(zhì)與水文地質(zhì)情況，作地質(zhì)素描。觀測(cè)開挖面附近初期支護(hù)狀況，判斷圍巖、隧道的穩(wěn)定性和初期支護(hù)的可靠性。由地質(zhì)組進(jìn)行，其他技術(shù)人員協(xié)助。c、地表量測(cè)：在級(jí)圍巖且埋深小于40m的地段軸向每隔510m布設(shè)。同時(shí)在橫向依據(jù)實(shí)際情況，選定主斷面，沿主斷面布設(shè)測(cè)點(diǎn)，以了解地表沉降的橫向影響范圍。d、洞內(nèi)量測(cè)：按照設(shè)計(jì)及規(guī)范要求，對(duì)隧道進(jìn)行拱頂下沉及圍巖收斂量測(cè)，發(fā)現(xiàn)圍巖變化異常立即采取加固措施，確保施工安全。