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1、Foundation raft the plank and the foundation beam item engineering start construction project1, General situation and main engineering measure:This engineering foundation design has a beam type the raft plank the foundation for reinforcing bar Mao.The raft plank flat surface presents a L form, raft 2、plank thick 550 mms, the width 22.16 ms, thing to the length 44.36 ms, the south is northern toward the length 82.78 ms.The foundation beam cuts the noodles size as 400 s 600 mms.The Mao marks the number as C25, the total square measures for the 1310 ms 3, the reinforcing bar used measures 150 Ts.At3、 16-18 stalk closes to 18 and stays and has a 1 m the breadth of run-through after sprinkle and take, after sprinkle and take Mao and need corpus completion of work empress then sprinkle and build.2, Start construction deployment and main construction project:Template engineering the workload is sma4、ll, start construction simple, so take no account of dividing the line a construction segment, whole is a construction segment;Reinforcing bar and Mao sprinkle to build engineering, hereafter sprinkle to take to is divided into two construction segments for boundary, organize a simple flowing water 5、construction.The reinforcing bar engineering starts construction first 1-16 stalks(I segment), sprinkle to build Mao after check, concealed examination accepted qualified.At sprinkle to build a Mao to continue at the same time colligation 18-58 stalks(II segment) reinforcing bar, sprinkle to build a6、 Mao in a row after check, concealed examination accepted qualified.(The I segment Mao measures about is a 660 ms 3, II segment Mao about is a 650 ms 3).Main construction method is as follows:1.Template engineering (1)Template adoption already set combination steel template, the U type wreath links.7、Mat level after cleaning off, first the cent segment puts together to pack, the template puts together to brush a good insulation first before packing.(The insulation mainly uses an engine oil).The main specification of outer circle side template is 1500 s 300 mmses, 1200 s 300 mmses, 900 s 300 mmse8、s and 600 ses 300 mms.The template props up on the Mao mat layer of lower part, the level props up to pay with the short pillar, and wood Xie.etc. of steel pipe and circle wood at on all sides the radicle pit side wall up.The foundation beam upper part compares the 50 mm side mold of raft plank nood9、les high to put together to pack with the 100 mm breadth combination steel template and use wire Ning tight, in the center prop up with mat piece or reinforcing bar head to promise the piece of beam noodles size.The template side fluently keeps pulling wires a little bit just, stalk line, cut noodle10、s size according to mat layer up of play a line check more positive.The template after reinforcing the examination completion uses a level instrument to settle an elevation and flick Mao open on the template noodles top surface even line.Be control the basis of Mao elevation.(2)In order to dismantle11、 the propping up of template tube, and wood Xie.etc. first the sequence of mold, loose conjunction piece, then dismantle template, clean up, the classification returns a heap.Dismantle before the mold Mao to want to attain certain strength, promise dont damage sharp angle while dismantling a mold.2.12、Reinforcing bar engineering (1)Reinforcing bars pressing the model number, specification classification to add a mat wood is piled and overaly plastics to organize a defence rain snow.(2)The dish I class reinforcing bar adopts a cold method for pulling to adjust to keep, cold pull a rate control at 13、4% in.(3)For be subjected to dint reinforcing bar, the I class reinforcing bar bitter end(include to used to the I class reinforcing bar of distributing the reinforcing bar) does 180 degrees curved hook, curved the diameter inside the Hu be no smaller than a 2.5 ds, the straight and even segment len14、gth of curved empress is no smaller than 3 ds.The II class reinforcing bar is design to request that when doing 90 degrees or 135 degrees is curved to hook bend the diameter inside the Hu be no smaller than 5 ds.For dont weld to close Jin bitter end to make 135 degrees curved hook, bend diameter ins15、ide the Hu in addition to being no smaller than a 2.5 ds still dont should be smaller than to be subjected to the dint Zong Jin diameter inside the hoop path, the straight and even segment length of curved empress is no smaller than 10 ds.(4)Before reinforcing bar colligation starts construction, es16、tablish in the radicle pit cami Gao about the simple warm Peng with 4 ms with cover rain snow and keep radicle pit air temperature, avoid a mat layer Mao suffering jelly to harm in the reinforcing bar colligation period.Sign pillar to use 50 steel pipes, is apart from for the 3.0 ms, the coping mane17、uvers toward the even pole is respectively? 50 steel pipes, the tube mesh size constituting is 1.5 s 1.5 mses, its top spreads wooden board, square steel pipe etc., reply colourful on the wooden board cloth, then full spread grass Lian.Illuminate to use a common incandescent lamp bubble inside the P18、eng, establish a two rows and to be apart from 5 ms.(5)The colligation process of foundation beam and raft plank Jin:Play line lengthways beam Jin colligation, take seat raft plank lengthways bottom layer Jin decoration horizontal beam Jin colligation, take seat raft plank horizontal bottom layer Ji19、n decoration the raft plank bottom layer net slice colligation prop up Ma Deng Jin to set out raft plank horizontal upper level Jin decoration raft plank lengthways upper level Jin decoration the raft plank upper level net slice colligation.Make to check completely to the template and basic before t20、he reinforcing bar colligation, , the miscellaneous articles or objects in the homework noodles, float soil, and sawdust.etc. should clean off.Reinforcing bar net slice the Jin used the color of differing from the stalk line and template line while playing position line is opened with distinction.Be21、am physique colligation use simple Ma Deng to make a support.Concretely hold a step for:Press to compute a good amount to put hoop Jin wear a lord Jin painting the hoop Jin position line colligation framework withdraw a support to take seat framework.The framework upper part Zong Jin and hoop Jin ar22、e proper to button up colligation with the set, the colligation should be firm and good enough, the framework doesnt take place to tilt to one side, loose move.Maneuver the protection layer of the Jin and the raft plank bottom layer Jin that is ex- and wants good beam of mat toward the beam physique23、s taking seat mat piece, the amount has to be enough.The raft plank net slice adoption horoscope buttons up colligation and mutually hands over to order all colligations, close together hand over the colligation of point of square mutually not proper homology.Top and bottom layer the net slice in th24、e center use Ma Deng Jin to prop up and promise the upper level net a slice the position is accurate, the colligation is firm, have no loose move.(6)The reinforcing bar deals with contact a form and is subjected to dint Jin and distributes a Jin adoption inside the raft plank colligation to take to 25、answer and take to connect position and take to connect length to request according to the design.The foundation the Zong Jin adoption one side(is two-sided) takes to connect to give or get an electric shock Hu Han and welds to deal with contact position and Han to sew length to press design and nor26、m request and weld to try the piece requests to detain according to the norm, experiment.2.Mao engineering (1)Adoption the spot the machine mix blend, the Mao transport pump to pump to send of project.Consider the winter expects to start construction, and want the influence that can effectively keep27、 continuous snowfall from sprinkling to the Mao to build a construction, the Mao winter expects to start construction to adopt comprehensive Xu to be hot, the Mao Chan in addition, assist to start construction with the warm Peng a method.(2)?Match with ratio of try to go together with to press the r28、equest that the pump sends, collapse to fall a degree to attain a 150-180 mms, the cement chooses sour brine mire of common Huo 32.5 numbers, sand is medium sand, the pebble is a 5-25 mm grain path crushed stones, the in addition chooses a Mao pump to send antifreeze, early strong reduce water of ty29、pe.Mix to match water as tap water.The Mao makes sure after matching with the ratio from the spot the original material sampling send to laboratory to try to go together with that the spot starts construction again according to measurement of the thick thin bone anticipates to physically contain amo30、unt of water and goes together with to the laboratory than the list to make to adjust.(3)The sequence sprinkling to build is to sprinkle first to build an I segment, sprinkle to build an II segment behind.Sprinkle the construction building a Mao to fly to is first turned into again from the A30 stal31、kses 16 to the A1 stalk sprinkle to take a side behind;Sprinkle the construction building a Mao to fly to sprinkle to take a side after 58-18.(4)Sprinkle should attain before the Mao:The reinforcing bar has already finished making a concealed examination to accept and meets a design request.The Mao 32、transports a pump tube the support have already taken to establish completion, support firm credibility, and promise that the pump tube that prop up piece and its top doesnt press reinforcing bar and template.Supports propping up a tube piece should independently establish, not ability and template 33、support or steel pipe conjunction.The Mao mixer burden tries an operation as usual.The Mao transports a pump to adjust to try to complete and fill with water to try to press as usual, pump a tube have been already linked, seal completely intact.Calculate tool such as scale, and set steelyard.etc. th34、rough the check check actually and without any error, the Mao agitation fills with amount of water to calculate a machine to try to circulate on board accurate.The Mao flaps Dao machine through the examination try an operation just.Cement, sand, stone and in addition the etc. material have already h35、ad enough amount of storage on the scene, and have already carried out a good supply outlet, can promise the follow-up supply sprinkled to build construction in a row.The spot the thick thin bone anticipate physically contain amount of water have been already measuresed and have already adjusted a g36、ood construction to match with a ratio.According to construction the project and technique measure request to have already carried on an overall construction technique to hand over bottom to the class set.The winter expects to start construction of each assurance measure, like aqueous heating temper37、ature whether attains a request, the heat preservation overalies supplies whether the ready etc. has already carried out complete.(5)The Mao agitation adopts two sets 350 work at the same time from the fall type mixer, of root Ju mixer anticipate the ability choice suits of the Mao transport a pump 38、and always and physically feed to anticipate quantity in the unit mixer inside time have to transport a swallowing of pump with Mao to anticipate quantity to went with should, promise to pump machine of circulate in a row as usual and not super burden work.(6)Bind Jin for period inside the radicle p39、it put up of warm Peng, can consider according to the actual weather condition Be the Mao sprinkles to build and protects a period of hide snow and heat preservation Peng.Is even to establish 3 to measure Wen Dian to record air temperature inside the Peng in the Peng, control inside the Peng with ou40、tdoor air temperature difference in temperature circumstance to adopt homologous measure.(7)Sprinkling to build before the construction the miscellaneous articles or objectses, such as mud and sawdust.etc. in the template to clear is clean, on reinforcing bar or template if glue ice snow to clear in41、 time.(8)The Mao mixs the heating of suitable for use water.Is one water tank, underneath start a fire heating with the coal by the side of the mixer, the water temperature goes to 60 -80 then, should not more than 80 .But can fill with water to 100 according to the actual air temperature condition,42、 but the cement can not directly get in touch with with hot water.(9)The thick thin bone is anticipating if contain ice snow jelly piece etc. to clear in time, mix each original material of matching the Mao to calculate beard accurate.The thick thin bone anticipates to use cart up anticipate, the sc43、ale measures, the cement is calculated with each bag 50 kgs, the pump sends to antifreeze to measure with the set steelyard, and water is mixed blend to on board calculate a machine to calculate with the Mao.(10)Adoption pebble while mixing blend cement sand or sand cement the hurl of the pebble ant44、icipate sequence and avoid or so hot water of 80 and cement direct contact, occurrence in a sudden Ning phenomenon, pump send to antifreeze and bone to anticipate to together join.Mix blend time to be no less than 90, promise that mixing to match a thing to mix blend is even.(11)The Mao transports t45、he pump tube of pump to use the grass Lian package heat preservation.The Mao transports to sprinkle to build a point in time after mixer anticipated and promise temperature for Mao to go into mold not the bottom is at 5 .(the thermometer actually measures)If sprinkle to build actually measure the go46、ing into of Mao mold temperature could not reach 5 , can adopt the following measure:Continue to raise to mix the temperature of matching water.Close to sprinkle the district of building the point inside the on the spot warm Peng even establish stove to start a fire to heat.(12)The Mao pump should i47、s placed in slowly and soon and all and soon while starting pumping to send, and at any time the status of anti- pump.The pump sends speed should first and slowly behind quick, gradually accelerate.The pump sends Mao should in a row carry on, be to transport a pump tube be blocked, immediately adopt48、 the following measure exclusion:Again carry on an anti- pump and is pumping, gradually suck out Mao to anticipate Dou in, afresh agitation behind pump to send;Pound an etc. method with the wooden stick, find out to block part Mao shot loose after, carry on an anti- pump and is pumping, expel block.49、When above-mentioned two kinds of methodses are invalid, should in the Mao after unloading to press, tore down the duct of blocking the part, take over again to transport after expeling Mao to block a thing.(13)The Mao flaps the Dao adoption insert type to flap Dao stick.The vibration stick wants to50、 quickly put to slowly pull out while flapping Dao and put to order even arrange, gradually order ambulation, the sequence carries on, in order to prevent leak to flap.Put some to be apart from about 40 cms.Flap Dao to the Mao surface syrup, no longer be suffused with a bubble then.(14)Dont need a l51、ayering while sprinkling to build raft plank Mao, sprinkle to build to model at a time, falsely stand Mao compare design an elevation first slightly a little bit high, treat to flap Dao even airtight actually put on son to press the elevation line to rub with the wood behind even then.(15)Sprinkle t52、o build Mao in a row carry on, if result in to sprinkle to build to stop because of the not- normal reason, be to stop time exceed cement beginning Ning in time, connect Cha place to press the construction to sew a processing.Constructions sewing should stay to keep Cha and continue to sprinkle to b53、uild to sew treatment to the construction before the Mao for:Pick and get rid of first to connect floating of Cha place pebble, again the stand a little amount Gao Biao Hao cement sand straches even distribute, then sprinkle to build Mao, flap Dao airtight solid.(16)Sprinkling the Mao finishing buil54、ding to press the elevation line to put on is even(the wood puts on son to accept noodles to be no less than 2 times), the Mao beginning Ning immediately uses Su behind Anticipate a thin mold overlay surface, then again overlay double the layer grass Lian heat preservation, on the grass Lian again r55、eply colourful of 1 F cloth protection, protect period according to measuring softhearted condition again whether consideration starts a fire a stove to heat in the Peng.(17)The Mao measures Wen Kong to stay to establish.Measure Wen Kongs flat surface decoration project:The foundation beam follows a56、 length direction to separate a 5 ms to establish each time a , the raft plank is apart from the 7 m parallelism decoration to measure Wen Kong by, bore the deep 200 mms is shoulding establish the position everywhere of measuring Wen Kong to cover up to place a diameter 20 PVC tube while sprinkling 57、to build Mao and take care of is more fluently slightly high than Mao noodles, with soft paper or cotton yarn fill actually then.3.The quality controls measure:(1)Related engineering should also request according to this engineering the winter expects to start construction measure .(2)Various origin58、al material, such as the reinforcing bar, cement, and in addition.etc. should have the qualified product quality the proof data, enter field behind take a sample experiment, the second examinations uses again after being qualified.Eradicate completely an unqualified product to used for engineering.T59、he sand, stone wants to do a bone to anticipate analysis, choose suitable go together with.The pebble contains amount of mire to be no bigger than 2%, the sand contains amount of mire to be no bigger than 5%.?(3)Frame pillars putting Jin should fix good position before the Mao at sprinkling, fluentl60、y reinforce to settle hoop Jin is as firm as the colligation of Zong Jin, while preventfroming sprinkling Mao pillar lord the Jin move.(4)While sprinkling Mao strictly forbid at will trample, move have been already tied up of plank Jin, the reinforcing bar work wants to send a person to check the po61、sition, protection layer and framework of reinforcing bar to fluently keep at any time, the pillar lord Jin position, discover that the problem fixs in time.(5)When Mao opening quotations sprinkled to build, organize first the technical personnel fell a degree, and easy to carry on consultation to t62、he collapsing of dish Mao, adjustment to meet to request an empress again formally mix blend.Hereafter check collapsing of Mao to fall one degree beard to meet a request at any time.(6)Flap Dao stick to strictly forbid to touch template and reinforcing bar while flapping Dao Mao.Forbid use to flap D63、ao stick to spread Mao.Flapping the Dao should be meticulous, airtight solid.In the Zong, horizontal beam interleave the reinforcing bar is more airtight can adopt the following measure while doing not easily flap Dao:Use the flapping of small diameter Dao stick, the layering spreads to anticipate;C64、an loosen first to open parts of raft plank upper level additional Jin, poke aside, needed Mao to after flapping the Dao completion resume again to once move of reinforcing bar position.(7)Usually observe template and reinforcing bar while sprinkling Mao, see the template have just like often and pr65、op up whether have loose move, reinforcing bars protecting a layer, putting Jin position has already had no variety.Discover relevant class of set of the notice of problem revising in time.(8)The control of Mao surface elevation.Sprinkle to flick Mao surface open by the side of the template before t66、he Mao an elevation even line, put in the pillar Jin up mark out high on the Mao the even line of the surface 500 mms.While anticipates, putting on noodles Mao stands on these grounds pulling wires is an elevation control line.(9)The Mao tries the detention of piece.Sprinkle to build to detain a set67、 of standard to protect to try a piece over 200 ms 3 Maos each time in a row and a set of protect with condition to try a piece.Protects with condition to try a piece to adopt with the spot the same condition protect.Marks keeping the 28 d anti- of trying the piece to press a strength value and prot68、ecting etc. of trying the piece effect 28 d anti- with condition to press a strength value all is the data that assesses to analyze a Mao anti- to press strength.(10)The Mao protects measuring of period work.Inside the Mao of protect temperature to separate a 4 hs to measure once each time.While mea69、suring thermometer at measure Wen Kong inside time detaining should be no less than a 2 mins and measure Wen Kong to fluently seal completely strict solid, take out thermometer after immediately read a number.The warm air temperature inside the Peng records 4 times every day.In consideration of the 70、applying of antifreeze used temperature for-50 Cs Cs-100ses, inside the plan Mao of protect temperature ahead the 3 ds is no lower than a 00 Cs, hereafter go to 28 d before be no lower than-30 Cs.When actually test to find out stabilize now is lower than the above-mentioned limit to be worth of prot71、ect temperature, immediately heat in the even decoration stove inside the warm Peng, heat up air temperature inside the Peng to Mao inside of protect temperature to attain to anticipate a request.譯文基礎筏板及基礎梁分項工程施工方案一、概況及主要工程量：本工程基礎設計為鋼筋砼有梁式筏板基礎。筏板平面呈“L”形，筏板厚550mm，寬度22.16m，東西向長度44.36m，南北向長度82.78m。基礎梁截72、面尺寸為400600mm。砼標號為C25，總方量為1310m3，所用鋼筋量150T。在1618軸間靠近18軸處留有1m寬的貫通后澆帶，后澆帶砼待主體完工后再澆筑。二、施工部署及主要施工方案：模板工程工作量小，施工簡便，所以不考慮劃分施工段，整體為一個施工段；鋼筋及砼澆筑工程，以后澆帶為界分為兩個施工段，組織簡單流水施工。鋼筋工程先施工116軸（I段），自檢、隱檢驗收合格后澆筑砼。在澆筑I段砼同時繼續綁扎1858軸（II段）鋼筋，自檢、隱檢驗收合格后連續澆筑II段砼。（I段砼量約為660m3，II段砼約為650m3）。主要施工方法如下：1.模板工程（1）模板采用定型組合鋼模板，U型環連接。墊層面73、清理干凈后，先分段拼裝，模板拼裝前先刷好隔離劑。（隔離劑主要用機油）。外圍側模板的主要規格為1500300mm、1200300mm、900300mm、600300mm。模板支撐在下部的砼墊層上，水平支撐用鋼管及圓木短柱、木楔等支在四周基坑側壁上。基礎梁上部比筏板面高出的50mm側模用100mm寬組合鋼模板拼裝，用鐵絲擰緊，中間用墊塊或鋼筋頭支撐，以保證梁的截面尺寸。模板邊的順直拉線較正，軸線、截面尺寸根據墊層上的彈線檢查較正。模板加固檢驗完成后，用水準儀定標高，在模板面上彈出砼上表面平線。作為控制砼標高的依據。（2）模的順序為先拆模板的支撐管、木楔等，松連接件，再拆模板，清理，分類歸堆。拆模前74、砼要達到一定強度，保證拆模時不損壞棱角。2.鋼筋工程（1）鋼筋按型號、規格分類加墊木堆放，覆蓋塑料布防雨雪。（2）盤條I級鋼筋采用冷拉的方法調直，冷拉率控制在4%以內。（3）對于受力鋼筋，I級鋼筋末端（包括用作分布鋼筋的I級鋼筋）做180度彎鉤，彎弧內直徑不小于2.5d，彎后的平直段長度不小于3d。II級鋼筋當設計要求做90度或135度彎鉤時，彎弧內直徑不小于5d。對于非焊接封閉筋末端作135度彎鉤，彎弧內直徑除不小于2.5d外還不應小于箍徑內受力縱筋直徑，彎后的平直段長度不小于10d。（4）鋼筋綁扎施工前，在基坑內搭設高約4m的簡易暖棚，以遮擋雨雪及保持基坑氣溫，避免墊層砼在鋼筋綁扎期間遭受75、凍害。立柱用50鋼管，間距為3.0m，頂部縱橫向平桿均為 50鋼管，組成的管網孔尺寸為1.51.5m，其上鋪木板，方鋼管等，在木板上覆彩條布，然后滿鋪草簾。棚內照明用普通白熾燈泡，設兩排、間距5m。（5）基礎梁及筏板筋的綁扎流程：彈線縱向梁筋綁扎、就位筏板縱向下層筋布置橫向梁筋綁扎、就位筏板橫向下層筋布置筏板下層網片綁扎支撐馬凳筋布置筏板橫向上層筋布置筏板縱向上層筋布置筏板上層網片綁扎。鋼筋綁扎前，對模板及基層作全面檢查，作業面內的雜物、浮土、木屑等應清理干凈。鋼筋網片筋彈位置線時用不同于軸線及模板線的顏色以區分開。梁筋骨架綁扎時用簡易馬凳作支架。具體操步驟為：按計算好的數量擺放箍筋穿主筋畫箍76、筋位置線綁扎骨架撤支架就位骨架。骨架上部縱筋與箍筋宜用套扣綁扎，綁扎應牢固、到位，使骨架不發生傾斜、松動。縱橫向梁筋骨架就位前要墊好梁筋及筏板下層筋的保護層墊塊，數量要足夠。筏板網片采用八字扣綁扎，相交點全部綁扎，相鄰交點的綁扎方相不宜相同。上下層網片中間用馬凳筋支撐，保證上層網片位置準確，綁扎牢固，無松動。（6）鋼筋的接頭形式，筏板內受力筋及分布筋采用綁扎搭接，搭接位置及搭接長度按設計要求。基礎架縱筋采用單面（雙面）搭接電弧焊，焊接接頭位置及焊縫長度按設計及規范要求，焊接試件按規范要求留置、試驗。2.砼工程（1）采用現場機械攪拌、砼輸送泵泵送的方案。考慮冬期施工，并要能有效防止連續降雪對砼澆77、筑施工的影響，砼冬期施工采用綜合蓄熱、砼摻外加劑，輔以暖棚施工法。（2）配合比的試配按泵送的要求， 坍落度達到150-180mm,水泥選用普通硅酸鹽水泥32.5號,砂為中砂,石子為5-25mm粒徑碎石,外加劑選砼泵送防凍劑,早強減水型。拌合水為自來水。砼配合比由現場原材料取樣送試驗室試配后確定,現場施工時再根據測定的粗細骨料實際含水量,對試驗室配比單作以調整。(3)澆筑的順序是先澆筑I段,后澆筑II段。澆筑I段砼時的施工流向是先自A30軸至A1軸,再拐至16軸處后澆帶邊;澆筑II段砼時的施工流向是自58軸至18軸處后澆帶邊。(4)澆砼前應做到:鋼筋已作完隱檢驗收,符合設計要求。砼輸送泵管支架已78、搭設完成,支架牢固可靠,并保證支撐件及其上的泵管不壓鋼筋及模板。支架支撐管件應獨立設置,不能與模板支架或鋼管連接。砼攪拌機負荷試運轉正常。砼輸送泵調試完畢，加水試壓正常，泵管已連接，密封完好。計量器具如磅秤、臺秤等經檢查核實無誤，砼攪拌機上的加水量計量器試運行準確。砼振搗器經檢驗試運轉正。水泥、砂、石、外加劑等材料現場已有足夠的儲存量，并已落實好供應渠道，可保證連續澆筑施工時的后續供應。現場粗細骨料實際含水量已經測定并已調整好施工配合比。根據施工方案及技術措施要求已對班組進行過全面的施工技術交底。冬期施工的各項保證措施，如水的加熱溫度是否達到要求，保溫覆蓋物資是否齊備等等已經落實完備。（5）砼79、攪拌采用兩臺350型自落式攪拌機同時工作，根椐攪拌機的出料能力選擇適合的砼輸送泵，即在單位時間內攪拌機總的實際喂料量要與砼輸送泵的吞料量相適應，保證泵機的正常連續運行及不超負荷工作。（6）綁筋期間基坑內所搭的暖棚，根據實際氣候條件可考慮作為砼澆筑及養護期間的遮雪、保溫棚。在棚內均勻設置三處測溫點記錄棚內氣溫，掌握棚內與室外氣溫溫差情況，以采取相應的措施。（7）澆筑施工前模板內的泥土、木屑等雜物清除干凈，鋼筋或模板上若粘有冰雪及時清除。（8）砼拌合用水的加熱。在攪拌機旁架一水箱，下邊用煤生火加熱，水溫至6080即可，不宜超過80。但根據實際氣溫條件可加水至100，但水泥不能與熱水直接接觸。（9）80、粗細骨料中若含冰雪凍塊等及時清除，拌合砼的各項原材計量須準確。粗細骨料用手推車上料，磅秤稱量，水泥以每袋50kg計量，泵送防凍劑用臺秤稱量，水用砼攪拌機上的計量器計量。（10）攪拌時采用石子水泥砂或砂水泥石子的投料順序，避免80左右的熱水與水泥直接接觸，發生瞬凝現象，泵送防凍劑與骨料一同加入。攪拌時間不少于90秒，保證拌合物攪拌均勻。（11）砼輸送泵的泵管用草簾包裹保溫。砼自攪拌機出料后及時輸送至澆筑點，保證砼在入模時的溫度不底于5（溫度計實測）。若澆筑時實測砼的入模溫度達不到5，可采取下列措施：繼續提高拌合水的溫度。在現場暖棚內靠近澆筑點的區域均勻設火爐生火加溫。（12）開始泵送時，砼泵應處81、于慢速、均速，并隨時可反泵的狀態。泵送速度應先慢后快，逐步加速。泵送砼應連續進行，當輸送泵管被堵塞時，立即采取下列措施排除：重復進行反泵和正泵，逐步吸出砼至料斗中，重新攪拌后泵送；用木槌敲擊等方法，查明堵塞部位將砼擊松后，進行反泵和正泵，排除堵塞。當上述兩種方法無效時，應在砼卸壓后，拆除堵塞部位的輸送管，排除砼堵塞物后再接管輸送。（13）砼振搗采用插入式振搗棒。振搗時振動棒要快插慢拔，插點均勻排列，逐點移動，順序進行，以防漏振。插點間距約40cm。振搗至砼表面出漿，不再泛氣泡時即可。（14）澆筑筏板砼時不需分層，一次澆筑成型，虛攤砼時比設計標高先稍高一些，待振搗均勻密實后用木抹子按標高線搓平即82、可。（15）澆筑砼連續進行，若因非正常原因造成澆筑暫停，當停歇時間超過水泥初凝時間時，接槎處按施工縫處理。施工縫應留直槎，繼續澆筑砼前對施工縫處理方法為：先剔除接槎處的浮動石子，再攤少量高標號水泥砂漿均勻撒開，然后澆筑砼，振搗密實。（16）澆筑完的砼按標高線抹平（木抹子收面不少于二遍），砼初凝后立即用塑料薄模覆蓋表面，然后再覆蓋雙層草簾保溫，在草簾上再覆一層彩條布保護，養護期間根據測溫情況再考慮是否在棚內生火爐加溫。（17）砼測溫孔留設。測溫孔的平面布置方案：基礎梁沿長度方向每隔5m設一處，筏板按間距7m平行布置測溫孔，孔深200mm，澆筑砼時在應設測溫孔的位置每處埋置一根直徑20PVC管，管83、上口略高于砼面，用軟紙或棉紗塞實即可。三質量控制措施：（1）相關工程還應符合本工程冬期施工措施的要求。（2）各種原材料，如鋼筋、水泥、外加劑等應有合格的產品質量證明資料，進場后取樣試驗，復試合格后再使用。杜絕不合格產品用于工程。砂、石要做骨料分析，選擇合適的級配。石子含泥量不大于2%，砂含泥量不大于5%。 （3）框架柱插筋在澆砼前應固定好位置，上口加固定箍筋與縱筋綁扎牢固，防止澆砼時柱主筋位移。 （4）澆砼時嚴禁隨意踩踏、移動已綁好的板筋，鋼筋工要派人隨時檢查鋼筋的位置、保護層、骨架順直、柱主筋位置，發現問題及時修理。 （5）砼開盤澆筑時，先組織技術人員對出盤砼的坍落度、和易性進行鑒定，調整至84、符合要求后再正式攪拌。以后隨時檢查砼的坍落度須符合要求。 (6)振搗砼時振搗棒嚴禁碰模板和鋼筋。嚴禁使用振搗棒攤開砼。振搗應細致，密實。在縱、橫梁交錯處鋼筋較密不易振搗時可采取如下措施：使用小直徑的振搗棒，分層鋪料；可先松開部分筏板上層附加筋,撥開，待砼振搗完成后再恢復移動過的鋼筋位置。 （7）澆砼時經常觀察模板及鋼筋，看模板有無異常，支撐是否有松動，鋼筋保護層、插筋位置有無變化。發現問題通知有關班組及時修正。 （8）砼表面標高的控制。澆砼前在模板邊彈出砼表面標高平線，在柱插筋上標出高于砼上表面500mm的平線。砼攤料、抹面時據此拉線作為標高控制線。 （9）砼試塊的留置。連續澆筑每超過200m3砼留置一組標準養護試塊和一組同條件養護試塊。同條件養護試塊采取與現場相同的條件養護。標養試塊的28d抗壓強度值及同條件養護試塊的等效28d抗壓強度值均作為評定分析砼抗壓強度的資料。 （10）砼養護期間的測溫工作。砼內的養護溫度每隔4h測一次。測時溫度計在測溫孔內留置的時間應不少于2min，測溫孔上口密封嚴實，取出溫度計后立即讀數。暖棚內氣溫每天記錄4次。考慮到所用防凍劑的適用溫度為-50C-100C，計劃砼內的養護溫度在前3d不低于00C，以后至28d前不低于-30C。當實測出現穩定低于上述限值的養護溫度時，立即在暖棚內均勻布置火爐加熱，升高棚內氣溫至砼內的養護溫度達到預計要求。