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1、不銹鋼施工方案一、備注不銹鋼的特點是強度高，對熱較敏感，表面有一層極薄的氧化膜，它的存在使不銹鋼具有很好的抗腐蝕性，氧化膜的損壞，將嚴重降低不銹鋼的抗腐蝕性能。此外，滲碳也會降低不銹鋼的耐腐蝕性。因此，對于不銹鋼材料應高度重視表面的保護，特別是液貨艙內表面的保護。在運輸、存放、施工過程中，嚴防機械碰撞、碰焊等損傷, 并避免與碳鋼接觸。二、調運（調運要求參照不銹鋼拼板工藝）1、調運用的夾具、吊鼻、馬板等應采用不銹鋼材料或采用其它措施防止碳鋼夾具與不銹鋼直接接觸。2、應采用適當數量的吊鼻，避免調運時不銹鋼變形。3、吊運時不可在一塊不銹鋼板上任意拖拉另一塊不銹鋼板，以免劃傷不銹鋼板表面。三、存放1、2、不銹鋼不可與碳鋼混放，應有專門的倉庫存放。2、不能把不銹鋼隨意放在地上或平臺上，應事先鋪設木板、橡膠或木質纖維板。3、堆放過程中應用木材或非金屬物質做墊料，在貯存期間不銹鋼應用塑料密封，再加帆布蓋上。4、兩層不銹鋼板不可重疊放置，否則中間要放軟物或木條鋪墊。5、不銹鋼要注意防潮、防劃傷、防黑色金屬的滲碳，不能接觸酸、堿、鹽、油脂等物質。四、施工（以甲板分段為例說明）（一）甲板胎架上拼板（拼板要求參照不銹鋼拼板工藝）1、胎架制作時上端應加裝不銹鋼板條。2、不銹鋼液貨艙拼板施工在車間進行，不得在不銹鋼拼板施工現場附近進行碳鋼的打磨、切割等工作。3、按拼板圖的要求，將不銹鋼板鋪放在胎架上，準確落位，3、以免劃傷不銹鋼甲板，并核對鋼板號料時所標注的符號、首尾方向、肋骨號等。同時檢查鋼板正反面、直線邊緣平直度、邊緣坡口等情況。劃出中間板的中心線，并在胎架兩端中心上拉線，檢測使中間板的中心線與所拉線對準，相應肋位與肋骨檢驗線對準。定位，定位時先定位中間和兩端，然后再加密定位焊，定位焊的尺寸為75 mm 300mm，從中間向兩舷定位。為了防止焊接時不銹鋼板變形，板的上面用壓塊固定在胎架上，壓塊與不銹鋼板接觸的部分墊膠皮保護。4、拼板時，先拼接縱縫，后拼裝橫縫，以免因橫縫先拼接影響縱縫的直線度，造成過大的裝配間隙，甲板在胎架上拼好后，使甲板中心線對準胎架中心線，并緊貼胎架。報檢。焊接，甲板拼板用埋弧焊4、焊接，需在鐵軌道與不銹鋼板之間墊橡膠，避免與不銹鋼接觸。根據圖紙劃出甲板中心線、肋骨檢驗線和各構架的位置線，報檢。5、在不銹鋼板上作標記、劃線要用專用的工具，不得用油漆、鋼針或鉛筆，應用無氯墨水。6、施焊前，用丙酮或酒精洗凈焊縫兩側20mm范圍內不銹鋼板上的污、油漆和塵土，避免焊接燃燒中有滲碳現象。7、施工人員在不銹鋼施工區域施工時要穿清潔鞋套，隨身不能攜帶金屬物件，如鑰匙、手表等。8、不允許隨意將工具、設備放在不銹鋼板上，不可在不銹鋼板上任意拖拉龍頭線。破損的龍頭線應包扎好后方可使用。9、分段內的臨時加強材和合攏時用于分段定位的臨時支撐與不銹鋼板之間應采用不銹鋼板過渡連接。用于不銹鋼的工具不5、能與制造碳鋼的混用。10、施工中分段的吊運不得隨意從不銹鋼分段上方經過。吊鼻材料應為不銹鋼，不允許在不銹鋼的工作面上安裝吊鼻。11、在整個操作過程中，不可用鐵錘敲打不銹鋼表面。不銹鋼產生變形不得用熱加工矯正，不得用鐵錘敲擊。12、焊接時使用的工具（焊渣錘、刷子、撮箕）應為不銹鋼，包括焊縫除漆用的工具。自動焊焊接時需在鐵軌道與不銹鋼板之間墊橡膠。13、不銹鋼板加工過程中造成的一些損傷如：焊接飛濺、電弧擊傷、煙斑和機械劃痕、必須徹底清除。（用砂輪粗磨后，拋光機拋光）。（二）不銹鋼甲板與甲板分段合攏1、甲板分段與不銹鋼甲板合攏前進行打磨。2、吊裝不銹鋼甲板前，不銹鋼甲板應劃好縱桁線、橫梁位置線。將不6、銹鋼甲板吊至甲板骨架上，并且所劃線與甲板構件相對應，吊裝不銹鋼甲板按不銹鋼拼板工藝要求同樣操作。甲板要準確落位，以免劃傷不銹鋼甲板。檢驗無誤后報檢，進行定位焊。3、定位焊及焊接：首先必須打磨焊縫，清除污垢、油漬及灰塵，并用丙酮或酒精擦洗后進行甲板骨架與不銹鋼甲板定位焊，順序為：甲板橫梁從中間向左右舷順序定位焊；甲板縱桁、縱骨、從中間向前后順序進行定位焊，定位焊尺寸為75 mm 300mm（焊縫中間引弧）雙數焊工對稱定位焊。 4、定位焊施焊完畢后，再次測量周邊尺寸、平行度、垂直度、肋距尺寸、縱骨尺寸等，要符合第1條要求。檢驗無誤后報檢，進行整體翻身，吊裝操作同上。翻身后應將不銹鋼甲板內側面正放在7、裝有不銹鋼墊塊水平胎架或有尺寸為130130mm若干塊水平墊木上，落位后，應整體做施焊前定位焊肉打磨，焊段兩端打磨成圓弧狀。而后由雙數焊工對稱開始整體施焊，焊接順序和定位焊順序相同，焊接方式為二氧化碳焊。5、分段內的臨時加強材或合攏時用于分段定位的臨時支撐與不銹鋼板之間應采用不銹鋼板過渡連接。6、在整個操作過程中，不可用鐵錘敲打不銹鋼表面。不銹鋼產生變形不得用熱加工矯正，不得用鐵錘敲擊。7、焊接時使用的工具（焊渣錘、刷子、撮箕）應為不銹鋼，包括焊縫除漆用的工具。8、不銹鋼板加工過程中造成的一些損傷如：焊接飛濺、電弧擊傷、煙斑和機械劃痕、必須徹底清除。（用砂輪粗磨后，拋光機拋光）。（三）大合攏18、分段合攏時，施工區設能防風雨、防潮和寒冷的施工蓬。2、施工中分段的吊運不得隨意從不銹鋼分段上方經過，吊鼻材料為不銹鋼，不允許在不銹鋼的工作面上安裝吊鼻。3、大合攏時液貨艙內施工用的腳手架為木桿或竹竿。4、在液貨艙內施工時，底面需鋪設木板或草席進行保護，避免東西墜落損傷表面。對于必須吊放于分段上施工的設備，必須采取相應的措施來保證設備碳鋼部分與不銹鋼不直接接觸，如設備下墊放木板、橡膠、阻燃塑料等。5、在整個操作過程中，不可用鐵錘敲打其不銹鋼表面。不銹鋼產生變形不得用熱加工矯正，不得用鐵錘敲擊。6、焊接時使用的工具（焊渣錘、刷子、撮箕）應為不銹鋼，包括焊縫除漆用的工具。自動焊接時需在鐵軌道與不銹9、鋼板之間墊橡膠。7、不銹鋼板加工過程中造成的一些損傷如：焊接飛濺、電弧擊傷、煙斑和機械劃痕、必須徹底清除。（用砂輪粗磨后，拋光機拋光）。8、合攏焊接完檢查焊縫是否有缺陷，并采用相應的措施去除缺陷（見不銹鋼焊接缺陷修補工藝）。9、酸洗 酸洗是最常用去除氧化物和鐵污染的化學方法，酸洗后必須用干凈的水噴射，含有氯的水能夠改善材料的表面狀況。10、為確保以上措施順利實施，生產科、車間應在管理、制度上采取相應的措施，施工人員進行培訓上崗，施工中派專人監督、巡查。Construction of Stainless SteelPART FORWORDSThe stainless steel is of hi10、gh strength, and sensitive to the heat. There is a very thin oxide film covered in the surface of the stainless steel plate, thus the plate can be of high corrosion-resistance. If the film is damaged, the quality of corrosion-resistance will be reduced seriously. Additionally, the penetration of the11、 carbon to the stainless steel plate will also reduce the quality of corrosion-resistance. Great attention should be paid to protect the surface of the stainless steel plate, especially the inner surface of the cargo tanks. During the transportation, storage and construction, the damage of machinery12、 collision and butt-weld should be avoided, and the contact between the stainless steel and carbon steel should also be avoided.PART HOIST TRANSPORTATIONThe requirement of hoist transportation can also refer to the technology of the stainless steel plate alignment.1. The holding device used for the 13、hoist should be made of stainless steel material, or other methods can also be accepted if the methods can prevent the direct contact between the carbon steel holding device and the stainless steel plate.2. To avoid the distortion of the stainless steel plate, there should be enough holding devices 14、for lifting.3. To avoid the damage to the surface of the stainless steel plate, the plate should not be dragged on the other plate arbitrarily during the hoist transportation.PART STORAGE1. The stainless steel plate should not be stored together with the carbon steel plate, it should be stored in sp15、ecial storehouse.2. The stainless steel should not be laid directly to the ground or the platform. Wood block, rubber or wood fiber plate should be laid previously.3. The wood block or nonmetal material should be used as filling block during the stack. The stainless steel should be sealed with plast16、ics and covered with canvas.4. Two plated should not be piled up together, otherwise soft material and wood block should be provided between the two plates.5. Attention should be paid to avoid humidification, scuffing, carbon penetration of ferrous metal, the plate should not contact with the materi17、als such as acid, alkali, salt and grease, etc.PART CONSTRUCTIONConstruction of the deck block is used for description of the technology.1. Plate alignment on the deck assembly jig.The requirement of the plate alignment can refer to the technology of the stainless steel plate alignment.1.1 Stainless18、 steel batten should be fitted on the upper side during the manufacture of the jig.1.2 The stainless steel plate alignment of the cargo tanks should be carried out in the workshop. The blasting and cutting of the carbon steel should not be carried out nearby the site of stainless steel plate alignme19、nt.1.3 Put the stainless steel plate on the jig according the requirement of the plate alignment plan. Allocate well and truly to avoid scuffing to the stainless steel deck plate, and then check the marked symbols, direction of fore and aft, frame number, etc. during the laying-out of the steel plat20、es. At the same time, check the conditions such as the positive and negative face of the plate, the straightness of the straight edge and the groove of the edge, etc. Draw the center line of the middle plate, and tie line in the middle of the jigs two sides. Align the center line of the middle plate21、 to the tied line, align the frame to the frame checking line. When positioning, first positioning the middle and the two ends, then make more positioning tacks. The dimension of the positioning tack is 75mm 300mm, the tacks should be made from the middle to the two sides. To avoid the distortion of22、 the plate during the welding, ballast block should be put on the upper side of the plate, the contact part should be protected by rubber cover.1.4 During the plate alignment, first align the longitudinal seam, and then align the transverse seam, otherwise the straightness of the longitudinal will b23、e affected, and result in bigger fit-up gap. When the deck plates are aligned on the jig, then align the center line of the deck to the center line of the jig, and make the deck close to the jig. Report for checking. Submerged arc welding should be used for deck alignment. Rubber should be filled be24、tween the steel track and the stainless steel plate to avoid direct contact with the stainless steel. Draw the center line of deck, frame verifying line and all the position lines of all structure members according to the plan, and then report for checking.1.5 Special tools should be used to make ma25、rks, draw lines on the stainless steel plates. Paint, steel pin and pencil should not be used. Ink not containing chlorine should be used.1.6 Before the welding, clean the dirt, paint and dust on the stainless steel plates with acetone or alcohol with the range of 20mm near the welding seam.1.7 The 26、workers should wear clean covers of shoes in the construction area of the stainless steel when manufacture, they should not have metal things such as keys, watches and so on with them.1.8 Tools, equipments should not be put directly on the stainless steel plate. Steel wires should not be dragged on 27、the plates.1.9 The temporary stiffer members and supports should be linked to the stainless steel plates with stainless steel plates when blocking and joining. Tools used for stainless steel should not be used for carbon steel.1.10 The hoist of the other blocks across the stainless steel blocks is n28、ot permitted. The material of the hook should be stainless steel. The hook should not be fitted on the working surface of the stainless steel.1.11 No hit on the surface of stainless steel plate with hammer is permitted during the whole operation. If stainless steel distortion happen, it is not permi29、tted to carry out levelling with heating or hammer hit.1.12 The tools for welding such as welding slag hammer, brush, dustpan should be made of stainless steel. When carrying out the automatic welding, rubber blocks should be put between the steel track and the stainless steel plates.1.13 All the da30、mages such as welding spattering, arc hurt, smoke dot and machinery scuffing during the manufacture of the stainless steel should be swept away entirely.2. Stainless steel deck and joining of the deck blocks2.1 All the deck blocks should be dressed before the joining.2.2 Before the vertical loading,31、 longitudinal girder position lines, transverse web position lines should be marked on the stainless steel deck. Load the stainless steel deck on the deck framing, and align the marked lines to the deck members. The technology of vertical loading of the decks is the same as the technology of stainle32、ss steel plates alignment. The decks should be located precisely in order not to damage the decks. After verifying, report for checking, and carry out the positioning welding.2.3 Positioning welding and welding. First the welding seam should be dressed to sweep away the dirt, grease and dust. And th33、en clean with acetone or alcohol. After that the positioning welding between the deck framing and the deck should be carried out. The order of the welding is: for transverse web, from the middle to the two sides; for deck longitudinal girder, stringer, from the middle to the two ends. The dimension 34、of the welding is 75 mm 300mm. The welding should be carried out from the middle to the sides or ends at the same time.2.4 After the positioning welding, measure again the surrounding dimensions, parallelism, verticality, frame distance and stringer distance, and so on. All the dimensions should mee35、t the requirements. After verifying, report for checking. Turn over the blocks entirely, the operation for vertical load is the same as the mentioned above. After turning over, the inner side of the deck should be rightly located on the stainless steel rig or some horizontal wood filling blocks dime36、nsioned 130130mm. After location, dressing should be carried out, the ends of the welding parts should be made to have round shape. There should be double welding workers to carry out the welding, the order of the welding is same as the positioning welding. The method of the welding should be carbon37、 dioxide welding.2.5 The temporary stiffer members and supports for the blocks should be linked to the stainless steel plates with stainless steel plates. 2.6 No hit on the surface of stainless steel plate with hammer is permitted during the whole operation. If stainless steel distortion happens, it38、 is not permitted to carry out levelling with heating or hammer hit.2.7 The tools for welding such as welding slag hammer, brush, dustpan should be made of stainless steel. 2.8 All the damages such as welding spattering, arc hurt, smoke dot and machinery scuffing during the manufacture of the stainl39、ess steel should be swept away entirely.3. ERECTION3.1 When carrying out the erection, construction shelter should be set up for preventing the weather, the humidification and the cold in the construction area.3.2 The hoist of the other blocks across the stainless steel blocks is not permitted. The 40、material of the hook should be stainless steel. The hook should not be fitted on the working surface of the stainless steel.3.3 During the erection, the scaffold for construction in the cargo tanks should be made of wood post or bamboo post.3.4 During the construction in the cargo tanks, the bottom 41、of the tanks should be covered with wood plate or straw mat for protection against the damage to the stainless steel surface when other objects fall to the bottom. For those equipments which must be located on the blocks, actions must be taken to ensure no direct contact between the carbon steel and42、 the stainless steel. In this case, wood plate, rubber and flame-retardant plastics can be put under the equipments.3.5 No hit on the surface of stainless steel plate with hammer is permitted during the whole operation. If stainless steel distortion happens, it is not permitted to carry out levellin43、g with heating or hammer hit.3.6 The tools for welding such as welding slag hammer, brush, dustpan should be made of stainless steel. When carrying out the automatic welding, rubber blocks should be put between the steel track and the stainless steel plates.3.7 All the damages such as welding spatte44、ring, arc hurt, smoke dot and machinery scuffing during the manufacture of the stainless steel should be swept away entirely.3.8 Check the completeness after the erection welding, and take actions to sweep away the shortage (refer to the technology of the repair for stainless steel welding shortage)45、3.9 Acid cleaning. Acid cleaning is the most common chemical methods to sweep away the oxides and the steel pollution. Clean water must be used to jet after the acid cleaning. Water with chlorine can improve the surface conditions of the materials.3.10 To ensure the actions mentioned above can be carried out rightly, the production department and the workshop should take some actions in management and system. The workers should be trained and special persons should be arranged for supervisal and inspection during the manufacture.