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1、中國(guó)電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型概況Performance of Chinas Power System Performance of Chinas Power System TransitionT電力規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)總院國(guó)際部主任 方曉松FANG FANG XiaosongXiaosong,Director of,Director of International International DepartmentDepartment,EPPEI,EPPEI2022/09/21能源生產(chǎn)保障能力穩(wěn)步提升。2021年，中國(guó)一次能源消費(fèi)總量為52.4億噸標(biāo)煤，同比增長(zhǎng)5.2%。帶動(dòng)一次能源生產(chǎn)量達(dá)到43.3億噸標(biāo)煤，同比增2、長(zhǎng)6.3%，增速均創(chuàng)10年新高。2015-2021年以較低的能源消費(fèi)增速保障了國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的較快發(fā)展。ChinasChinas energyenergy productionproduction capacitycapacity hashas beenbeen steadilysteadily improvedimproved.The growth rate of primaryenergy production hit a 10-year high in 2021.The rapid development of the national economy is guaranteed by rel3、atively lowenergyconsumptiongrowthratefrom2015to2021.01 能源領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)型Energy Sector TransitionEnergy Sector Transition43.444.245.647.248.749.852.41.4%1.7%3.2%3.5%3.2%2.2%5.2%0%2%4%6%8%10%3035404550552015201620172018201920202021能源消費(fèi)總量Total Energy Consumption增速Growth Rate單位：億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤Unit:100 milliontonsofstandard4、coal中國(guó)20152015-20212021年能源消費(fèi)情況Chinas Energy Consumption in 2015Chinas Energy Consumption in 2015-2021 2021 36.234.635.937.939.740.843.30.0%-4.4%3.8%5.6%4.7%2.8%6.1%-5%0%5%10%3035404550552015201620172018201920202021能源生產(chǎn)總量Total Energy Production增速Growth Rate單位：億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤Unit:100 milliontonsofstandardcoal中國(guó)5、20152015-20212021年能源生產(chǎn)情況Chinas Energy Production in 2015Chinas Energy Production in 2015-2021 2021 12.1%13.5%13.8%14.3%15.3%15.9%16.6%11%12%13%14%15%16%17%2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 中國(guó)20152015-20212021非化石能源消費(fèi)量占比Proportion of Chinas NonProportion of Chinas Non-Fossil Energy Consumption in 2016、5Fossil Energy Consumption in 2015-20212021能源綠色轉(zhuǎn)型加快推進(jìn)。2021年，中國(guó)非化石能源生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)比重分別達(dá)到20.3%和16.6%，較上年均提高了0.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。單位GDP能耗強(qiáng)度下降了2.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，碳排放強(qiáng)度下降了3.8個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。ChinasChinas greengreen energyenergytransitiontransition hashas beenbeen acceleratedaccelerated.In 2021,the proportion of non-fossil energy production and cons7、umption reached 20.3%and16.6%,respectively,both up 0.7 percentage points from 2020.Energy intensity(total energy consumption per unit of GDP)droppedby2.7percentagepoints,andcarbonemissionintensitydecreasedby3.8percentagepoints.1.20 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.98 0.94 0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.4201520162017208、18201920202021單位：?jiǎn)挝籊DP二氧化碳排放（噸/萬(wàn)元）Unit:CO2emissionperGDP（t/10000RMB）中國(guó)20152015-20212021年能源消費(fèi)情況Chinas Energy Consumption in 2015Chinas Energy Consumption in 2015-2021 2021 01 能源領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)型Energy Sector TransitionEnergy Sector Transition電源側(cè)PowerPowerSideSide電力供應(yīng)保障能力逐步夯實(shí)。2021年，中國(guó)發(fā)電裝機(jī)達(dá)到23.8億千瓦，同比增長(zhǎng)9.5%；發(fā)電量8.4萬(wàn)9、億千瓦時(shí)，同比增長(zhǎng)4.0%。ChinasChinaspowerpowersupplysupplycapacitycapacityhashasbeenbeengraduallygraduallystrengthenedstrengthened.In2021,Chinasinstalledpowercapacityreached2.38TW,withayear-on-yeargrowthof9.5%;powergeneration reached8400TWh,up4.0%yearonyear.14.9%14.9%2.2%2.2%13.8%13.8%12.9%12.9%46.6%46.6%4.6%10、4.6%1.6%1.6%3.5%3.5%23.823.8億千瓦2.38 TW2.38 TWHydroNuclearWindSolarCoalGasPumped hydroBiomass20212021年中國(guó)電源發(fā)電裝機(jī)和發(fā)電量Chinas Power Supply&Power Capacity by Source in 2021Chinas Power Supply&Power Capacity by Source in 202115.5%15.5%4.9%4.9%7.8%7.8%3.9%3.9%60.0%60.0%3.4%3.4%0.5%0.5%4.0%4.0%水電核電風(fēng)電太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電煤電氣電11、抽水蓄能生物質(zhì)及其他8.48.4萬(wàn)億千瓦時(shí)8400 8400 TWhTWh02 電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型Power System TPower System Transitionransition電源側(cè)PowerPowerSideSide綠色電源占比大幅提升。2021年，中國(guó)可再生能源發(fā)電裝機(jī)歷史性突破11億千瓦，占總裝機(jī)的比重達(dá)到45.8%，風(fēng)電、光伏均居世界第一?？稍偕茉窗l(fā)電量達(dá)到2.49萬(wàn)億千瓦時(shí)，占全社會(huì)用電量的29.9%。TheTheproportionproportion of of renewablerenewable powerpower supplysupply hashas sign12、ificantlysignificantly increasedincreased in in ChinaChina.In 2021,Chinas installed renewable power capacityexceeded1.1TW,generating 2490TWh,withwindandsolarpowerrankingfirst intheworld.中國(guó)20182018-20212021年可再生能源裝機(jī)Chinas Renewable Power Capacity in 2018Chinas Renewable Power Capacity in 2018-2021 20213、1 0200004000060000800001000001200002018201920202021裝機(jī)容量（萬(wàn)千瓦）Power Capacity(10MW)風(fēng)電Wind光伏PV水電Hydro抽蓄Pumped Storage中國(guó)20182018-20212021年可再生能源發(fā)電量Chinas Renewable Power Generation in 2018Chinas Renewable Power Generation in 2018-2021 2021 05000100001500020000250002018201920202021裝機(jī)容量（億千瓦時(shí)）Power Capacity(14、100GWh)風(fēng)電Wind光伏PV水電Hydro02 電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型Power System TPower System Transitionransition電網(wǎng)側(cè)GridGridSideSide電網(wǎng)建設(shè)規(guī)模穩(wěn)步擴(kuò)大。截至2021年底，中國(guó)220千伏及以上輸電線路長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到84.3萬(wàn)公里，同比增長(zhǎng)3.8%；220千伏及以上變電容量44.7億千伏安，直流換流容量4.7億千瓦；主要高壓配電線變電容量24.3億千伏安，高壓配電線路長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到115萬(wàn)公里。ChinasChinas powerpower gridgrid scalescale hashas beenbeen steadilysteadily15、 expandedexpanded.By the end of 2021,the length ofChinas transmission lines(220kV)reached 843,000 km,with a substation capacity of 4.47 billion kVA and a DC conventercapacityof4700GW;thelengthofhigh-voltage distributionlinesreached1,150,000km.68306771306476701279640941721417214519146981369671390354416、25795446760338383603844590471622018201920202021交流線路長(zhǎng)度（公里）Length of AC Line(km)直流線路長(zhǎng)度（公里）Length of DC Line（km）交流變電容量（萬(wàn)千伏安）AC Transformer Capacity(10MVA)直流換流容量(萬(wàn)千伏安）DC Converter Capacity(10MVA)中國(guó)20182018-20212021年輸電網(wǎng)建設(shè)情況Chinas Transmission Grid in 2018Chinas Transmission Grid in 2018-2021 2021 690223517、814582317487180018001034857698101000kV750kV500kV330kV220kV線路長(zhǎng)度（公里）Length(km)變電容量（萬(wàn)千伏安）Transformer Capacity(10MVA)中國(guó)20212021年新增220220千伏及以上交流電網(wǎng)線路及變電容量ChinaChina s Added Transmission Lines s Added Transmission Lines（220kV220kV）in 2021 in 2021 02 電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型Power System TPower System Transitionransition電網(wǎng)側(cè)Gr18、idGridSideSide綠色資源配置能力不斷加強(qiáng)。中國(guó)資源稟賦與能源需求呈現(xiàn)逆向分布，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色能源在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的優(yōu)化配置，中國(guó)建成了世界上規(guī)模最大、遠(yuǎn)距離輸送能力最強(qiáng)的電力系統(tǒng)，每年將約3000億千瓦時(shí)的綠色電力由西部地區(qū)送至東部負(fù)荷中心。ChinasChinas capacitycapacity to to allocateallocate greengreen resourcesresources hashas beenbeen enhancedenhanced.To realize the optimalallocation of green energy nationwide,19、China has built the worlds largest power system,transforming about 300TWh of greenpoweryearlyfromthewesttotheeast.中國(guó)主要跨省區(qū)域輸電通道可再生能源輸送電量Renewable Energy Transmitted by CrossRenewable Energy Transmitted by Cross-Provincial Transmission Channels in ChinaProvincial Transmission Channels in China02 電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)20、型Power System TPower System Transitionransition負(fù)荷側(cè)LoadLoadSideSide用電量保持增長(zhǎng)，用電結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化。2021年，中國(guó)全社會(huì)用電量達(dá)到8.3萬(wàn)億千瓦時(shí)，同比增長(zhǎng)10.7%，增速較2020年提高6.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。用電結(jié)構(gòu)保持由二產(chǎn)用電向三產(chǎn)、居民生活用電轉(zhuǎn)移趨勢(shì)。ChinasChinas powerpowerconsumptionconsumption hashas keptkept growinggrowing andand thethe powerpower consumptionconsumption structurestru21、cture hashas beenbeen continuouslycontinuously optimizedoptimized.The power consumptiongrowth rate in 2021 is 6.7 percentage points higher than that in 2020.Power consumption structure continues shifting from thesecondarysector tothetertiary sectorandresidentialelectricity.55,500 59,198 63,077 69,1622、3 72,255 75,110 83,128 0.5%5.0%6.6%9.6%4.5%4.0%10.7%0%2%4%6%8%10%12%020,00040,00060,00080,0002015201620172018201920202021用電量Power Consumption增速Growth Rate單位：億千瓦時(shí)Unit:100MWh中國(guó)20152015-20212021年用電情況Chinas Power Consumption in 2015Chinas Power Consumption in 2015-2021 2021 14.1%15.8%41.1%27.9%1.1%14.1%23、17.1%40.3%27.3%1.2%居民生活用電Residential三產(chǎn)用電Tertiary Sector非高載能二產(chǎn)Less Energy-Intensive Secondary sector高載能行業(yè)Energy-Intensive Sector一產(chǎn)用電Primary Sector20182018年20212021年中國(guó)20182018年和20212021年用電結(jié)構(gòu)Chinas Power Consumption Structure in 2018&2021 Chinas Power Consumption Structure in 2018&2021 02 電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型Power S24、ystem TPower System Transitionransition負(fù)荷側(cè)LoadLoadSideSide推進(jìn)用能產(chǎn)業(yè)與新能源就近結(jié)合。大力引導(dǎo)新增用能產(chǎn)業(yè)向新能源富集地區(qū)布局，推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)方案升級(jí)改造，加強(qiáng)需求側(cè)響應(yīng)，持續(xù)加快電動(dòng)汽車、可中斷負(fù)荷規(guī)?；l(fā)展，提升終端用能和新能源發(fā)電的匹配程度，促進(jìn)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域綠電替代。ChinaChina hashas initiativesinitiatives forfor highhigh-energyenergy consumptionconsumption industryindustry to to deploydeploy nearnear 25、thethe regionsregions withwith richrichrenewablerenewableenergyenergyresourcesresources.Chinaencourage greenpowersubstitutioninkeyareas.電采暖Electric Heating地能熱泵Geothermal Heat Pump工業(yè)電鍋爐Industrial Electric Boilers農(nóng)業(yè)電排灌Agricultural Electric Drainage&Irrigation電動(dòng)汽車Electric Vehicle電蓄能調(diào)峰Electric Storage a26、s Peaking Capacity船舶岸電Shore Power綠電替代重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域Green Power Green Power Substitution in Key Substitution in Key AreasAreas電采暖 ElectricElectricHeatingHeating電動(dòng)汽車 Electric VehicleElectric Vehicle可中斷負(fù)荷 Interruptible LoadInterruptible Load02 電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型Power System TPower System Transitionransition電力系統(tǒng)靈活性持續(xù)提升。通過(guò)煤電靈27、活性改造、擴(kuò)大抽水蓄能和電化學(xué)儲(chǔ)能裝機(jī)、提升完善需求側(cè)管理和響應(yīng)能力等方式有效提升了電力系統(tǒng)靈活性。ChinasChinas powerpower systemsystem flexibilityflexibility hashas beenbeen effectivelyeffectively enhancedenhanced by coalpower flexibility retrofit,expansion of installed pumped storage&electrochemical energy storage,and improvement of demand-sidem28、anagement&responsecapabilities.煤電靈活性改造超80008000萬(wàn)千瓦OverOver8080GWhGWhcoal powerhasbeenretrofittedforflexibility.60006000千瓦及以上火電廠供電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤耗降至302302.5 5克/千瓦時(shí)Standard coal consumption of coal power unit(600MW）has beenreducedto302302.5 5g/kWh.電力需求側(cè)管理措施不斷完善Demand-sidemanagementhasbeencontinuously improved.需求側(cè)29、響應(yīng)能力持續(xù)增強(qiáng)Demand-sideresponsecapacity continues tobeenhanced.新能源友好電站、虛擬電廠建設(shè)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)Construction of system-friendly”renewable power stations and virtualpowerplantsissteadilyincreased.抽水蓄能裝機(jī)36693669萬(wàn)千瓦Theinstalled capacity ofpumpedstoragereached 3636.6969GWhGWh.電化學(xué)儲(chǔ)能裝機(jī)400400萬(wàn)千瓦The installed capacity of elec30、trochemical energy storagereached4 4GWhGWh.02 電力系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型Power System TPower System Transitionransition81.08%81.08%18.92%18.92%中長(zhǎng)期交易電量Medium&Long-Term Trading Power現(xiàn)貨交易電量Spot Trading Power電力現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)建設(shè)有序推進(jìn)、全國(guó)統(tǒng)一電力市場(chǎng)體系加快建設(shè)。2021年，全國(guó)完成市場(chǎng)化交易電量3.7億千瓦時(shí)，占全社會(huì)用電量比重達(dá)44.6%，年均增長(zhǎng)率約40%。中長(zhǎng)期交易機(jī)制全面建立，現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定試運(yùn)行，輔助服務(wù)市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。China31、sChinas electricityelectricity spotspot marketmarket hashas beenbeen builtbuilt orderlyorderly andand thethe constructionconstruction of of a a unifiedunified electricityelectricitymarketmarket systemsystem hashas beenbeen acceleratedaccelerated.The market traded power in 2021 reached 370GWh,account32、ing for 44.6%of total powerconsumption,with a 40%average growth rate.The medium and long-term trading mechanisms have been fully established,thespotmarketpilotkeepsrunning,andtheauxiliaryservice marketisrunning steadily.市場(chǎng)化交易電量Market Traded Market Traded PowerPower44.6%44.6%非市場(chǎng)化交易電量NonNon-Market Mar33、ket Traded PowerTraded Power55.4%55.4%20212021年中國(guó)中長(zhǎng)期和現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)交易電量占比Medium and LongMedium and Long-Term vs Spot Trading Power in 2021 Term vs Spot Trading Power in 2021 20212021年中國(guó)市場(chǎng)化交易電量占全社會(huì)用電量比重Market Traded Power/Total Power Consumption in 2021 Market Traded Power/Total Power Consumption in 2021 03 電力34、市場(chǎng)改革Power Power Market ReformMarket Reform電價(jià)改革持續(xù)優(yōu)化、體制機(jī)制進(jìn)一步健全、完善。輸配電價(jià)體系持續(xù)優(yōu)化，上網(wǎng)電價(jià)市場(chǎng)化改革進(jìn)一步深化，分時(shí)電價(jià)、階梯電價(jià)機(jī)制進(jìn)一步健全，抽水蓄能價(jià)格形成機(jī)制進(jìn)一步完善。TheThe electricityelectricity priceprice reformreform hashas beenbeencontinuouslycontinuously optimized,optimized,andand thethe systemsystem&mechanismmechanism havehave beenbeen35、 furtherfurther improvedimproved in transmission&distribution pricing system,marketreformonfeed-in-tariff,time-of-usetariffs&tieredpricingmechanism,etc.輸配電價(jià)體系Transmission&Distribution Pricing System 區(qū)域/省級(jí)電網(wǎng)第一、二監(jiān)管周期輸配電價(jià)Transmission and distribution price ofregional/provincial power grid in the 1stand36、2ndsupervisionperiods 跨省跨區(qū)專項(xiàng)工程輸電價(jià)格定價(jià)辦法Pricing method for transmission pricing ofinter-provincial and inter-regional specialprojects 事前核定、定期校核機(jī)Approving pricing before operation and regular check mechanism上網(wǎng)電價(jià)市場(chǎng)化改革Market Reform on Feed-in-Tariff 全面放開燃煤發(fā)電上網(wǎng)電價(jià)Full liberalization of coal-fired power gen37、eration feed-intariffs 擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)交易電價(jià)上下浮動(dòng)Expanding the fluctuation range of market transaction electricity price 取消工商業(yè)目錄銷售電價(jià)Cancellation of catalog sales electricity price for industry and commerce 煤價(jià)、上網(wǎng)電價(jià)、用戶電價(jià)“三價(jià)聯(lián)動(dòng)”“Three-price linkage”of coal price,feed-in tariffs and consumer electricity price分時(shí)電價(jià)、階梯電價(jià)38、機(jī)制Time-of-Use Tariffs&Tiered Pricing Mechanism 引導(dǎo)用戶削峰填谷Guiding consumers to cut peak and fillvalley 設(shè)定階梯電價(jià)分檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Settingtiered electricity tariffstandards 加價(jià)電費(fèi)資金管理使用制度The management and use system ofincreasedelectricitytariff抽水蓄能價(jià)格形成機(jī)制Pricing Mechanism for Pumped Storage 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)方式Competition mode 成本回收與分?jǐn)倷C(jī)制C39、ost recovery and sharing mechanism 收益分享機(jī)制Revenue sharing mechanism 獨(dú)立市場(chǎng)主體地位Independent market entity status03 電力市場(chǎng)改革Power Market ReformPower Market Reform增量配電業(yè)務(wù)改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，售電公司管理更加精細(xì)化。截至2021年底，中國(guó)共計(jì)開展增量配電業(yè)務(wù)改革試點(diǎn)459個(gè)，206個(gè)增量配電項(xiàng)目獲得電力業(yè)務(wù)許可證；全國(guó)已注冊(cè)售電公司約5000家，向用戶提供購(gòu)售電業(yè)務(wù)、合同能源管理和綜合節(jié)能等多種服務(wù)。TheThe reformreform of of i40、ncrementalincremental distributiondistribution businessbusiness is is steadilysteadily promoted,promoted,andand thethemanagementmanagement of of powerpower salessales companiescompanies is is moremore refinedrefined.By the end of 2021,China has established 459 pilot projects ofincremental distributi41、on business reform,and 206 incremental distribution projects have obtained power business licenses.Around 5000 power sales companies have registered to provide services in power purchase&sales business,contract energymanagement,andcomprehensiveenergyconservation.03 電力市場(chǎng)改革Power Power Market ReformMar42、ket ReformI.Profile of EPPEIChina Electric Power Planning&Engineering Institute(EPPEI)is a national-level high-end consultingandknowledge-intensive consultinginstitutionwithahistoryof70years.of Proven Track Record70 yearsGovernmentAuthoritiesFinancialInstitutionsEnergy EnterprisesIndustrial PolicyDevelopment StrategyDevelopment PlanningNew TechnologyProject EvaluationConsulting&Technical ServicesProfile of EPPEIProfile of EPPEI謝 謝ThanksThanks地址：北京市西城區(qū)安德路65號(hào)郵政編碼：100120電話：010-58388230 傳真：010-82086966 郵箱：No.65 Ande Road,Xicheng District,Beijing,100120Tel:010-58388230 Fax:82086966 E-mail: