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1、歡迎,手機必須關閉逃生通道（培訓室）完成培訓登記,Safety First Prevention Primary安全第一，預防為主Principal leading members of production and business units are in full responsibility for work safety of their own units生產經營單位的主要負責人對本單位的安全生產工作全面負責Employees of the above units shall have the right to work safely and perform their duty 2、in work safety.生產經營單位的從業人員有依法獲得安全生產保障的權利，并應當依法履行安全生產方面的義務。,China Law on Work Safety/國家安全生產法,Falls in Construction/施工墜落,Falls are the leading cause of deaths in the construction industry.在施工行業中造成死亡事故最多的就是墜落.Incidents occurs in manner of Workers physically fall or falling objects from height.墜落或落物是高處作3、業的主要事故形式.Falls from as little as 4 to 6 feet can cause serious lost-time accidents and sometimes death.墜落高度僅僅1.2米到1.8米就會造成損失工時事故,有時是死亡.,Typically where the incident occurs?,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,We will discuss the following topics:Planning計劃When fall protection is required何時需要What metho4、ds are available有何方法PFAS人員墜落捕捉系統Rescue planning救護計劃,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Importance of Planning/計劃的重要性The basic planning requirements;Assess the work site/評估現場安全要求Identify fall hazards/識別出危害Identify who is exposed to fall hazards/誰將面臨這樣的作業風險Assess the process to be done and the needs to5、 complete the task/評估作業過程和完成任務所需事宜。Identify what method of fall protection will be used for each hazards identified/找出墜落防護方法Train the workers with competency/培訓工人，勝任此項工作。,Planning/計劃,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Assess the risks to decide how to work safely評估風險Follow the hierarchy(avoid/prevent6、/mitigate)for safe working at height從避免、防止以及減低角度考慮作業途徑Organise the work properly not forgetting to taking into account weather and emergency provisions組織，并考慮天氣和應急準備Use correct work equipment使用恰當的高空作業工具Manage the risks from working near or on fragile surfaces and manage the risk of falling objects管理在7、不承重表面的作業和墜落物體風險Inspect and maintain the work equipment to be used and carry out inspections of the place where the work is to be carried out(not forgetting to include access and egress)檢查和維護作業設備，檢查作業地點（考慮進出入等）,Planning/計劃,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Planning/計劃,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技8、術,Fall protection must be provided when workers are exposed to the hazard of falling 6 feet or more墜落高度在1.8米或以上作業時候必須提供墜落保護Every worker must be protected from falls into or onto dangerous equipment regardless of height不管高度如何，必須防護工人防止墜落到危險的設備之上The contractor must determine the walking/working surface9、s where workers will work are strong enough and have the structural integrity to support workers safely,not a fragile surface承包商人必須確定工人行走和作業的物體表面能足夠承重，使工人安全作業，而不是在一個易塌和易碎不乘重的表面作業。Protection must be provided when there is a hazard of falling objects.有墜落物體危害存在的情況下，必須提供相應的保護,When Its Needed/何時需要墜落防護,Fa10、ll Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Where Its Needed/何處需要墜落防護,Walkways&ramps走道、坡道Open sides&edges臨邊、角Holes孔洞Concrete forms&rebar模板和鋼筋Excavations挖掘,Roofs屋頂工程Wall openings開放墻邊Bricklaying砌磚 Residential Construction工業民用建筑,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Walkways&Ramps/走道,坡道,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護11、技術,Open Sides and Edges/臨邊,角,Unprotected edge未保護臨邊,This 1/4 nylon rope alone is not a proper way to guard this open floor 這樣四分之一寸的尼龍繩無法提供臨邊保護,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Openings/孔洞,Properly cover it or guard with guardrails;妥善覆蓋孔洞或安裝糊欄,Holes more than 6 feet height must be covered or guarded 12、超過1.8米高的孔洞必須覆蓋或安裝糊欄,How about less than 6 feet?,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Concrete Forms and Rebar/模板和鋼筋,Use PFAS when working on Concrete Forms or Rebar 安裝混凝土模板或下方有鋼筋等突出物時必須使用防墜捕捉系統,Use Rebar Caps 使用鋼筋保護帽,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Excavations/挖掘,Proper Guardrail System合適的未護設施,Guard 13、excavations圍護挖掘坑道,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Roofs/屋頂工程,Use PFAS,If you work on roofs and can fall more than 6 feet,you must be protected超過1.8米的屋頂作業必須防護,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Wall Openings/開放墻邊,If you work near wall openings 6 feet or more above lower levels you must be protected 14、from falling,如果你工作在6呎高以上的開放墻邊你必須要有墜落保護,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,What Methods/墜落防護方法,Platforms/工作平臺Guardrail systems/護欄Covers/孔洞覆蓋Safety net/安全網Personal Fall Arrest System/個人墜落捕捉系統Life Lines/生命繩Slide guard system/防滑落系統Safety monitor system/安全監督系統Warning line system/警示線Work Permit/工作許可證,Fall 15、Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Platforms/工作平臺;Guardrail System/護欄,Mid-Rail0.6米,Toeboard150mm,Top Rail1.1米,Safe Work Platform shall be the first choice to Fall Protection 安全的操作平臺應是第一選擇!,Full Decking your platforms!,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Safety net/安全網,Use right Safety Nets without deteriora16、tion for fall protection.使用合格的未變質老化的安全網.,Place as close as possible,but no more than 30 feet Below where employees work 安全網應盡可能的靠近工作面,向下最大距離不得超過9米.,Tie off all Suspension Lines!,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Covers/孔洞覆蓋,Capable of supporting,without failure,at least 2*weight of employees，equipme17、nt,and materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time。Must be secured to prevent any accidental displacementMust be color-coded with“hole”or“cover”能夠承受至少是在其上面，包括人，設備，材料重量的2倍重量。必須確保其不發生意外性的挪動。上面要標明其用途,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Personal Fall Arrest System/個人墜落捕捉系統,You must be train18、ed how to properly use PFAS.你必須接受訓練以正確掌握正確使用人員墜落捕捉系統 PFAS=anchorage,lifeline and body harness.PFAS=系掛點,生命繩 和 全身式安全帶(降落傘式),How to wear the Harness?,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Personal Fall Arrest System/個人墜落捕捉系統,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Personal Fall Arrest System/個人墜落捕捉系統,Safety Line19、 Anchorage must be independent of any platform anchorage and capable of supporting at least 5,000 lbs.per worker所有安全索的錨固裝置都必須獨立于工作平臺上且必須要能承受5000磅的能力,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Personal Fall Arrest System/個人墜落捕捉系統,Lifelines must be capable of supporting at least 5,000 lbs.per worker.Horizontal20、 Lifeline need to be designed by qualified engineer and shall be load-tested as the 1.5 times of proposed load(dynamic).所有生命繩都必須能承受5000磅的能力(每人).水平生命繩必須有合格工程師設計,并且按負荷1.5倍動態負荷測試.,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Personal Fall Arrest System/個人墜落捕捉系統,繩抓,抓鉤,沖擊吸收索,D環,全身性安全帶,Connectors are everything betw21、een your harness and the anchor連接件-錨點與安全帶之間的組件It includes lanyards,snap hooks Carabiners,D-rings,lifelines and Deceleration devices.包括安全索,抓鉤,D環,生命繩等.Inspect your connector daily.每日檢查這些裝置.,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Personal Fall Arrest System/個人墜落捕捉系統,Right use your safety harness with double22、 lanyards 正確使用雙繩安全帶,Use your lanyard in turn!,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,The difficulties with the return of venous blood from lower limbs will impact the cardiac output and cause the decrease of the quality and quantity of blood flow to the brain.Sometimes the unconsciousness or coma comes r23、apidly.四肢靜脈血液的回流困難會影響心臟血液輸出,從而導致大腦供血不足(或質量下降).有時昏迷會很快發生.,It is possible to cause death when a person is suspended from a safety harness in a motionless upright position for over 5 minutes.It may occur on any construction site.當一個人以直立姿勢，雙腿自由地懸掛超過五分鐘后，可能會造成他死亡。這種情況在很多工業和建筑工作中都可能出現。,Rescue Planning/救援計24、劃,Suspension Trauma/懸吊昏迷,Loss of Muscle Pump 失去肌肉泵作用,Tension stops blood 安全帶阻止血液回流,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Self-rescue:The suspended workers shall keep moving limbs especially two legs continuously and waiting for help and rescue.Workers shall try best to pedal the surrounding objects or s25、tructure to keep the muscle pump functioning,and rise two legs and lay lead horizontally.,Rescue Planning/救援計劃,自救:工人在吊在安全帶上時應保持盡量活動雙腿，盡量蹬蹋周圍物體促使血液回流,以等待救援。同時盡量提高雙腿，頭部放平.注意腿部安全帶的松緊.,Fall Protection Techniques/墜落防護技術,Rescue Caution-Important!The accident victim must never be laid down after being resc26、ued from the suspended position,not even in the stable side position.The victim should be positioned with the upper body very well raised,i.e.in a seated,or possibly squatting or crouched posture.All restrictive belts and clothing should be unfastened.A doctor should be called immediately.,Rescue Pl27、anning/救援計劃,救援警告 重要!決不允許將事故受害人從懸吊位置放下后放平.應將其上半身保持抬高狀態;如坐姿,或可能的話蹲坐.所有的緊的皮帶,安全帶,衣物應當解開.并立即呼叫醫生.,The accumulated blood flows abruptly into the heart creating a risk of heart failure due to overstrain.,Rescue Plan at Height shall be ready for each contractor.每一個承包商應當有高處作業救援計劃,Project Safety Requirement/28、項目安全規定,The use of safety harness and lifeline shall be mandatory when performing work at heights=1.8 meters.高空作業=1.8 米必須適用安全帶和生命線，這是強制性要求Contractor shall specify and provide provisions to protect workers at levels against falling object.承包商應該提供給工人免于墜落物傷害的防護用品。The working at height training is a mand29、atory training.本次培訓為強制性培訓.Workers who are to work at height shall have participated in this training with an issued attendance cards,otherwise,it will be dismissed and removed from the Project Site.如果沒有參加本次培訓而進行高空作業，或者經過培訓之后仍違反高空作業的安全要求，一經發現，將被開除出項目現場。“零容忍策略zero tolerance，一經發現，立即開除”,Project Safety R30、equirement/項目安全規定,Full-body harnesses are required on the Project.Safety belts are not allowed.在項目上要求佩戴全身型安全背帶。不允許使用三點式安全帶Contractors are required to appoint competent and trained supervisors and engineers to inspect all horizontal and vertical lifelines.要求承包商制定經培訓的合格的主管及工程師檢查所有的水平及垂直生命繩。All employe31、es exposed to fall hazards greater than 1.8 meters must be tied off at all times utilizing two independent lanyards or a duel(Y)lanyard.所有暴露在墜落（高于1.8米）危險中的員工必須使用雙獨立系索或Y型系索始終進行系掛。Fall hazard management must be included in all designs where a fall potential of more than 1.8 meters exists.只要有高于1.8米的高空作32、業，其設計中必須包括墜落危險管理。,Project Safety Requirement/項目安全規定,Lanyards will be a maximum of 1.8 meters in length,equipped with self-locking hooks and snap hooks that are double locking in design.系索長度最大長度為1.8米，并配有自鎖掛鉤及彈簧扣，其在設計上應是雙鎖扣。When working at an elevation of 1.8 meters or more above grade,floor,or approv33、ed work surfaces such as platforms and scaffolds,or when working in an area where a fall potential of greater than 1.8 meters exists,employees will utilize a full-body harness with a proper means of attachment.若作業的地方高于地面、地板或一致認定的工作表面如，平臺及腳手架1.8米，或工作的區域可能的墜落大于1.8米，員工需使用全身型的安全帶并配有適當的附件All personnel pe34、rforming work at elevated positions are required to be trained and must demonstrate competency in initial training on this fall hazard management strategy.要求所有在升高的位置上作業的人員需進行培訓，必須在首次培訓中證明其有能力進行墜落危險管理。,Good Work Practice/好的工作方式,Perform work at ground level if possible盡可能在地面上工作 Example:building prefab35、 roofs on the ground and lifting into place with a crane例如:建筑物的屋頂可事先在地面預制然后再用吊車安裝Tether or restrain workers so they cant reach the edge用栓繩或其他方式防止工作人員接近邊緣Designate and use safety monitors(This is less desirable of all the systems)指定監 護 人Use conventional fall protection養成使用墜落防護的習慣,Field Fall Preventio36、n Safety Training/現場墜落防護培訓,How to recognize hazards怎么辨識墜落危險How to minimize hazards 怎么減低墜落危險The training must cover培訓包括:Fall hazards 墜落危險 Fall protection systems 防墜落系統 Use of fall protection devices怎樣使用防墜落系統,Contractors/Employers must provide fall protection training承包商/雇主必須向員工提供防墜落培訓:,Case Studies/案37、例分析 A,LTI on Chemical Project Site on 12 June 20122012 年6月12日化工廠現場損失工時事故,Injured Gender:MaleAge:32Occupation:Rigger of CSCEC Steel StructureTime:About 16:30 Location:Compressor Building,Case Studies/案例分析 A,At approximately 14:00 hours,the worker in question(worker A)and two his colleagues(worker B a38、nd worker C)were instructed to remove the portion of the roof on the compressor house which approximately 13 meters high above the ground.當事人A在下午2點左右與其2個工友B和C按照要求去把壓縮機房頂的部分清除，高度大約為13米處。At approximately 16:30 hours,worker B found no power on his electrical drill which was used to take off the screws 39、from the roofing sheets after he removed all screws from one roofing sheet.He left his electrical drill on the unsecured roofing sheet and went to check one extension board.After he checked the plug and socket,he asked worker A who was attempting to reinstall the static lifeline to check if the elec40、trical drill has power or not/4點半，工人B發現他的電鉆沒有電了。他把電鉆放在不牢固的屋頂處就去檢查線板。檢查之后，他讓當事人A，那時正準備安裝生命線，去檢查電鉆是否有電Worker A went to check the electrical drill on the unsecured roof sheet.He fell off once he stepped on the unsecured roof sheet and fell from elevation approximately eight meters to the lower platform41、 below.Landed on a equipment which was covered with a canvass.當事人A就去檢查了，結果從上面大約8米處墜落下來。掉在上面蓋有帆布的設備上。,Case Studies/案例分析 A,Worker A,Worker C,Worker B,The Victim stand on the ceiling to dismantle the tile and fall on top of a canvas covering!,Worker fall on the the canvas covering.,Worker fall on the t42、he canvas covering Thebloodstain could be visibly seen on the covering.,The worker went on the top to remove the tiles,The roofing sheet which was unsecured on the roof and fell off to the ground when the incident occurred.,將生命繩在未得到任何授權的情況下就移走，這樣在沒有任何墜落保護的情況下就進行高空作業就會導致嚴重的傷亡事故,Case Studies/案例分析 B,MT43、C occurred on Chemical Site 14:40 on June 11 2014A 48-year-old female employee(labourer)named XXX sustained a laceration injury to her head this afternoon at approximately 14:40 hours on 11June,2004 on the EO/EG Unit.The injured party was involved in a manual preparation work for the road when a one44、-meter long scaffold tube fell off from the 10.15 meters pipe-rack adjacent to the east side of EG structure and struck on her hardhat which was damaged then.The victim was sent to MF and received 6 stitches on her head.2014年6月11日大約14：40時候，頭部被高處墜落鋼管砸傷。當事人在進行有關道路方面的作業，這個時候從10.15 米處上方落下一根1米長的腳手架管，擊中她的45、安全帽，頭部受傷，如果沒有安全帽保護，將不堪設想其結果。頭部被縫了6針。,Case Studies/案例分析 C,LTI occurred on Chemical Site June 27 2004Time:09:05Location:Spherical Tank STT-1011 Injured Gender:(Male)Age:40Mobilised:72 hours(25 June)Task:Mark up Welding pointsIncident:Fall from height(Approx.8m)Training:Nil,Spherical Tank球形儲罐,1.4M,1.7M46、,1.8M,This clip broke when the injured party stood on the planks.受傷人站的木方,Injured Party standing here.(Nil harness&no IMT orientation)情況介紹：受傷的人員大約站在這里,External Scaffolding腳手架Walkway with handrails.Internal handrails missing to allow access onto temporary platform.,Temporary PlatformErected to allow w47、elding markings to be applied.No hand rails,planking not secured&no support bracing.,Fall Height Approximately 8.2 M大約從8.2米墜落,Case Studies/案例分析 C,Spherical Tank球形儲罐,8.2M,Case Studies/案例分析 C,Scaffolding Failures 腳手架錯誤-1Lack of cross bracing;缺少交差支撐No hand rails;沒有手護欄No mid rails;沒有中護欄No designated acc48、ess point;沒有指定的進入點Coupling failed.(overloaded)聯結有問題（過載）,Case Studies/案例分析 C,Scaffolding Failures 腳手架錯誤-2Toe boards unsecured;踢腳板沒有固定緊Sub standard lifts;安裝不符合標準;Sporadic bays;混亂;Nil inspection plan;and沒有檢查計劃No calculations/installation plan.沒有計算和安裝計劃,Case Studies/案例分析 C,Violations/違章,墜落保護,How do you 49、think!你看，他命都不要了。,Safety Platform?安全作業平臺？,Scaffolding腳手架,Violations/違章,交叉不合格沒有踢腳板邊緣放的磚頭！,縫隙那么大！,Violations/違章,Violations/違章,Summary/總結,100%系掛安全帶!,If you can fall more than 6 feet,you must be protected!如果你有可能自1.8米高以上的地方墜落,你必須要有保護Use fall protection on在下列地方使用墜落防護:walkways&ramps,open sides&edges,holes,c50、oncrete forms&rebar,excavations,roofs,wall openings,bricklaying,residential construction走道及斜坡,開放邊緣及角落,孔,模板,屋頂,開放墻邊,砌磚,工業民用建筑.Protective measures include guardrails,covers,safety nets,and Personal Fall Arrest Systems防護方式包括護欄,蓋板,安全網及人員墜落捕捉系統Otherwise,the picture below.否則,Summary/總結,People with high bl51、ood pressure,heart disease can not do such jobWear proper clothes,and wear safety helmets,prohibit to wear shoes easy to slip.Wear safety harnessTake tool bags while working at heightProhibit from working at height when near place has stack or equipment which release hazardous gas,toxic gas or high 52、dust.Prohibit from working open at height while above 6-scale wind or lightning or storm Keep safety distance with overhead power linescaffolding and barricade must conform to safety regulationsNo working on fragile surface.Consider rainy season and summer in South of Yangzi River area,like its impa53、ct on both psychological and physical aspects on workers behavior.,Summary/總結,患有高血壓、心臟病、貧血等不適于高處作業的人員，不得從事。必須著裝符合要求，戴好安全帽，衣著靈便，禁止帶釘易滑鞋。必須佩戴安全帶嚴禁用繩子捆在腰部代替安全帶。作業人員要攜帶工具袋在臨近地區設有排放有毒、有害氣體以及粉塵超標的煙囪以及設備，嚴禁高處作業6級以上和雷電、暴雨等惡劣天氣條件，禁止進行露天高處作業 高處作業場所離架空電線保持安全距離現場搭設的腳手架、防護圍欄符合安全規章在不承重物上作業應搭設固定承重板，并站在承重板 夏季高空作業要注意結合江南地區的雨水多，氣候炎熱，因此而產生的心理和身體上事宜對作業的影響。,End of Course,