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1、培訓講師：XXX,機械安全培訓,MACHINE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM,培訓和日期：XXX,企業的責任 Responsibility of the employers,為員工提供一個安全健康的工作場所，遠離可能導致死亡或者肢體損傷的危險源,Is to provide a safe and healthy work place for theiremployees;which is free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or physical harm,企業是否可以保護/防止工人遭受工傷？,Can emplo2、yers protect/prevent workers from work place injuries?,YES！,01,02,03,04,確定機械安全危險源,Identifying Machinery Safety Hazards,控制或排除機械危險源,Control or eliminate Machinery Hazards,安全干預,Safety Interventions,Personal Protective Equipment,個人防護用品,第一章,Part 01,確定機械安全危險源,IDENTIFYING MACHINE SAFETY HAZARDS,1,10,30,6003、,1200？/2400？更多,事故金字塔 Incident Pyramid,(Serious Accident),嚴重的傷害事故,(Slight Accident),輕微的傷害事故,(Property loss Accident),財產損失事故,(Accident/Incidence),事故,準事故/未遂事故,Near miss,(Deviation/Hazards),偏差/隱患,(Lack of control or management system),缺乏控制/管理體系不足,機械的運動部件所帶有的動能可能會對人員造成傷害。,Machines have moving parts.The a4、ction of moving parts may have sufficient force in motion to cause injury to people.,技術概要 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW,技術概要 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW,Common mechanical hazards and associated risks for machinery and equipmentare shown below,以下是常見的機械傷害以及相關的機械設備:,危險源HAZARD,風險RISK,描述DESCRIPTION,圖示PICTORIALREPRESENTATION5、,傳送帶和滑輪Conveyor belts,pulleys,機械臂和移動機械Robotic arms andmobile machinery,擦傷Abrasion,沖撞Impact,Caused by friction between movingpart and skin.,由皮膚和運動部件的摩擦造成,由運動部件對肢體的撞擊（未穿透）造成,Caused when bodypart struck(but notpenetrated)bymoving part.,Rotating shafts,pullies,sprockets and gears,轉軸，滑輪，鏈齒和齒輪,移動接觸的堅硬表面,H6、ard surfaces moving together,移動或靜止的尖銳邊緣,Sharp edge moving or stationary,絞入Entanglement,粉碎性傷害Crushing,割傷或刺傷Cutting or puncturing,Caused when bodypart becomes caughton/in machine parts.,由肢體卷入機械部件的造成,當機械部件相互撞擊，肢體處于撞擊區域之間造成,Caused when machineparts move towardseach other and bodypart is caught in betwee7、n,由肢體被移動部件穿刺造成Caused when bodypart punctured bymoving part,技術概要 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW,機械危害的根源及性質 The Root Cause Of Mechanical Hazards,人的因素,Personal Factors,在生產活動中,來自人員或人為性質的危害和有害因素.,The dangerous and hazard factors from the product activity.,物的因素,Material Factors,機械,設備,設施,材料等方面存在的危險和有害因素.,The dangerous8、 and hazard factors from machine,equipment,facility and material,環境因素,Environment Factors,生產環境中的危險和有害因素.,The dangerous and hazard factors from the production environment.,管理因素,Management Factors,管理和管理責任缺失所導致的危險和有害因素.,The dangerous and hazard factors due to lack of management and management responsib9、ility,確定危險源的步驟 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS,在尋找可能的機械危險源的時候，請關注以下機械設備：When reviewing machinery and equipment for possible mechanical hazards,consider:Machinery and equipment,人員可以接觸到的靜止機械設備。Stable machine that can be reached by people人員可以接觸到運動部件的機械設備。With moving parts that can be reached by people可10、以彈射出物件（部件，零件，產品或者廢料）而且彈射力足以造成傷害的機械設備That can eject objects(parts,components,products or waste items)that may strike aperson with sufficient force to cause harm有移動部件如吊臂或者機械臂可以接觸到人員的機械設備。With moving parts that can reach people such as booms or mechanical arms在人員可能進入的地點操作的移動機械設備，如叉車，托盤千斤頂，推土機等。Mobile m11、achinery and equipment,such as forklifts,pallet jacks,earth moving equipment,operated in areas where people may gain access.,了解機械危險源 Understanding Mechanical hazards,常見的機械危險源 The Common Mechanical Hazards,確定危險源的步驟 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS,常見的機械危險源 The Common Mechanical Hazards,確定危險源的步驟 PROCES12、S FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS,確定危險源的步驟 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS,通過工作活動的種類了解常見危險源Understanding common hazards by type of workplace activity,操作機器設備的人員:People operating machines and equipment could,被要求將雙手放在靠近機器設備的工作點，可能受到移動部件的傷害Be required to place their hands close to the mechanism of the machinery13、 or equipment that does the work,and may be injured if caught or trapped by moving parts 暴露于持續的有害噪音，放射性的能量或者靠近的機械設備排放的廢氣Be exposed to constant harmful noise,radiated energy or fumes being emittedfrom machinery and equipment they are operating or are close to 不小心地觸碰到錯誤放置的控制桿或控制按鈕Inadvertently bump or14、 knock poorly placed control levers or buttons 被要求在運作的機械設備上進行調試Be required to make adjustments to the mechanism of machinery and equipment while the machine is in motion被要求清理殘留物料Be required to clear away scrap,確定危險源的步驟 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS,People who install or dismantle machines and equi15、pment could安裝或者拆解機械設備的人員:,Work in isolation 在絕緣條件下工作Work on machines and equipment at height or over machinery or equipment toconnect services(such as electricity,air or water)在機械頂部或者在高處的機械設備上連接管線，如接電，接水，接氣，更多免費課件，關注公眾號：生產。Work in low light or with bright directional light 在低光線或者明亮的直射光線下Access machi16、nery and equipment from the top,sides or underneath接觸到機械頂部，底部，邊緣Work with/near cranes,forklift or rigging to lift machinery and equipment在塔吊，叉車,吊索附近工作Work in confined spaces 在有限空間內工作Use power tools,welders,extension leads,which present electrical hazards ifdamaged or wet 如果設備損壞或者潮濕,使用電動工具,電焊,延長導線可能帶17、來電氣危險,確定危險源的步驟 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS,People providing maintenance or repair services could維護維修設備的人員:,Access machines and equipment from the rear sides 從機械設備后部接觸設備 Need to enter confined spaces of larger machinery and equipment需要進入大型機械設備內部空間Be trapped by mechanism of the machinery and equip18、ment through poor isolationof energy sources or stored energy,such as spring loaded or counter balancemechanisms,compressed air or fluids or parts held in position by hydraulics orpneumatic(air)rams可能接觸到機械設備中絕緣較差的情況,或者設備中內部積蓄的能量,比如負載的彈簧,配重裝置,氣動設備中的壓縮氣體,液壓設備中的液壓油Disable or remove normal safety system19、s to access machines and equipmentmechanism禁用或者移除正常的安全系統,確定危險源的步驟 PROCESS FOR IDENTIFYING HAZARDS,People providing cleaning services could清掃設備的人員:,Access machines and equipment from the rear of sides or in unexpected ways 從機械設備后部或者以其他非正常方式靠近機械設備Climb on machines and equipment 攀爬機械設備Enter confined sp20、aces of larger machines and equipment進入大型機械設備的內部空間Work with chemicals 使用化學品Operate electrical equipment in wet areas 在潮濕區域使用電器,Summary總結,Conduct risk assessments with respect to machine and equipment hazard針對機械設備危險源進行風險評估Mechanical Hazards 機械性危險Non Mechanical Hazards 非機械性危險Access Hazards 接觸性危險 Under21、stand common hazards by type of workplace activity根據工作活動的種類了解常見的危險源 Factory should have machine safety committee,constituted of management,worker representatives and maintenance team to address concerns related tomachine safety.工廠應當有由管理層,員工代表,維修人員組成的機械安全委員會處理解決有關機械安全的隱患。,MUST 必須:,第二章,Part 02,控制/排除機械22、危險源,CONTROL/ELIMINATE MACHINERY HAZARD,The first step to improve machine safety is to eliminate orcontrol hazards改善機械安全的第一步是排除或控制危險源,Engineering Controls工程控制,In order to minimize or isolate the reach of worker to hazard area;barriers such as machine guards or safe guard devices is put in place.為減少或隔23、絕員工接觸危險區域，安裝如機械護欄或安全防護裝置。,Administrative controls管理控制,Information&Planning 信息和計劃Training 培訓Written policies&procedures 書面政策和程序Safe work practices 安全操作流程Environmental&Medical surveillance環境和醫療監測,Personal ProtectiveEquipment controls個人防護,Gloves 手套Goggles 護目鏡Safety jackets/coats 安全夾克/外套Respirators口罩,Th24、e Process to control the mechanical hazards機械風險管理控制思路,控制級別(Control Level),(Eliminate the Hazards),消除危害,(Replacement),替代,(Isolation),隔離,(Exposure),暴露,(Procedure),程序,(Training),培訓,PPE,TERMINOLOGY 術語,Guard 防護阻隔,A barrier that prevents exposure to an identified hazard.為防止員工暴露于已知危險源而設立的防護阻擋。,Safeguarding25、 device 安全防護裝置,A device that detects or prevents inadvertent access to a hazard.探測或者防止無心之失的裝置。,Awareness device 警告,A barrier,signal or sign that warns individuals of an approaching or present hazard.用于警示危險的護欄，標志或者信號。,TECHNICAL OVERVIEW 技術概要,Introduction 介紹-Control of machinery hazards 控制機械危險源,Separa26、tion is a simple and effective machinery and equipment risk control.隔絕是一種簡單有效的機械設備危險的控制方法。Separation may be achieved by distance,barrier or time.隔絕可以通過距離，阻隔或者時間來實行。,Distance separation means a person cannot reach the hazard due to distance.距離隔絕指一個人由于距離因素無法接觸到危險源。Barrier separation means an effective27、 barrier or guard denies access and controls ejection of parts,produces or waste.阻隔隔絕指使用有效的護欄防止通過或者控制部件，產品或者廢品的彈出。Time separation means at the time of access,the machinery or equipment isdisabled.時間阻隔指在員工可以接觸到危險源的時候，機械或者設備處于禁用狀態。,TECHNICAL OVERVIEW 技術概要,Safeguarding is essential for protecting emplo28、yees from needless and preventable injury.A good rule to remember is安全防護對于保護員工免受可避免的傷害有不可缺少的作用。它的原則是:,Any machine part,function,or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded.任何可能導致傷害的機械部件，功能或者工藝必須安裝安全防護。,TECHNICAL OVERVIEW 技術概要,In terms of controlling amputation hazards,employees are protecte29、d from hazardous machine work activities either by針對控制截斷風險，員工可以通過以下方式避免和危險機械有關的工作活動,effective machine safeguarding,or 有效的機械安全防護，或者,Lock Out/Tag Out where safeguards are rendered ineffective or do not protect employees from hazardous energy during servicing and maintenance operations.在機械設備進行保養維護，安全防護30、處于關閉狀態下，采用鎖閉和標示的方式保護員工。,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,1,CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY USE OF MACHINE GUARDS,使用機械防護控制機械危險源,CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY USE OF SAFEGUARD DEVICES,使用安全防護裝置控制機械危險源,2,3,4,CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY CONTROLLINGHAZARDOUS ENERGY LOTO,通過控制危險的能量源控制機械危險源,CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS 31、BY TRAINING EMPLOYEES,通過培訓員工控制機械危險源。,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,1.CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY USE OF MACHINE GUARDS使用機械防護控制機械危險源,Guarding 防護A Guard can perform several functions:it can deny bodily access,contain ejected parts,tools,off-cuts or swath,prevent emissions escaping or form part of a safe wo32、rking platform.防護有多種作用：可以防止接觸，阻擋彈射出的部件，工具，碎片，防止廢氣泄漏，或者構成一個安全的工作平臺。Guarding is commonly used with machinery and equipment to prevent access to防護通常用于以下情況:,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,1.CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY USE OF MACHINE GUARDS使用機械防護控制機械危險源,Rotating end drums of belt conveyors傳送帶兩端的滾筒Moving augers33、 of auger conveyors螺旋傳送機Rotating shafts 轉軸Moving parts that do not require regular adjustment 無需定期調整的移動部件Machine transmissions,such a pulley and belt drives,chain drives,exposed drive gears機械傳動裝置，比如滑輪，皮帶輪，鏈條，外露的齒輪Any dangerous moving parts,machines or equipment.以及其他危險的移動部件和機械設備,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措34、施,Commonly used machine guards 常用的機械防護,TYPE種類,METHOD OF SAFE GUARDING安全防護方法,ADVANTAGES優點,APPLICATION說明,Fixed固定防護,Barrier that allows for stock feeding but does not permit operator to reach the danger area.允許送料但是操作者無法接觸危險區域,Can be constructed to suit many applications.可以適合多種應用。Permanentlyencloses the35、 point ofoperation or hazard area永久性的封閉操作點或者危險區域,Where access is not anticipated,a fixed guard can be permanently applied by binding agent,welding or secured with one-way screws.用粘合，焊接或者單向螺絲永久安裝在禁止接觸的危險區域,Adjustable可調節防護,Barrier that adjusts for a variety of production operations.可以根據不同生產需求調節的防護,Can36、 be constructedto suit many applications.可以適合多種應用Can be adjusted to administer varying stock sizes可以根據物,Incorporates movable sections or panels of the guard and allows for material or parts to be fed into the guarded area while preventing bodily contact結合可以移動的面板，允許將物料/零件送入防護區域并限 肢體接,EFFECTIVE PROCES37、S 有效措施,Commonly used machine guards 常用的機械防護,Self Adjusting自調節防護,Barrier that moves according to the size of the stock entering point of operation.根據進入物料的尺寸自動調節的防護。,Off the self guards are often commercially available此類防護可以購買,Application on band saw,circular saw,radial arm saw,table saw etc.安裝于帶鋸，圓鋸，38、旋臂鋸，鋸床等,Interlocking barrier guards聯鎖防護,Shuts off or disengages power and prevents machine fromstarting up when guard is open.當防護被激活時，自動關閉機械或者切斷電源防止機械啟動。,Allows access for some minor servicing work,in accordance with the lock-out/tag out exception,without time consuming removal of fixed guards.配合鎖閉/39、標示操作，無需費時的拆卸防護，即可進行簡單的維護,occurs when the act of moving the guard(opening,sliding or removing)to allow access stops the action of the hazardousmechanism.當觸動防護時，如拆卸防護，自動停止危險部件的運作,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,FIXED GUARDS固定防護,ADJUSTABLEGUARDS可調節防護,SELF ADJUSTABLEGUARDS自調節防護,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Interlock g40、uarding works by聯鎖防護起效方式:,Mechanically disconnecting the drivemechanism(applies a brake ordisengages a clutch or gearedmechanism)機械性地斷開驅動系統（比如使用剎車，或者斷開離合器/齒輪）Isolating the power source of the drivemechanism(stops the motor)斷開驅動系統的電源A combination of mechanical and powerdisconnection.組合以上兩種方式,Interloc41、k guarding is generally achieved viamechanical or electrical means,but may also include hydraulic or pneumatic control systems.聯鎖防護通常通過機械/電氣手段起效，但也可能包括液壓或者氣動控制系統。,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,2.CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY USE OF SAFEGUARD DEVICES 使用安全防護裝置控制機械危險源,Safeguarding devices 安全防護裝置Safeguarding d42、evices are controls or attachments that,when properly designed,applied and used,usually prevent inadvertent access by employees to hazardous machine areas by安全防護裝置是一種控制器或者附件，通過合理設計安裝和使用，安全防護裝置可以防止員工由于疏忽而接觸到機械的危險區域:,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,2.CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY USE OF SAFEGUARD DEVICES 使用安全防43、護裝置控制機械危險源,1.Preventing hazardous machine component operation if your hand or body part is inadvertently placed in a danger area如果手部或者身體意外地處于危險區域，自動阻止機械的危險部件運作;2.Restraining or withdrawing your hands from the danger area during machine operation在機械運作期間限制或者將雙手從危險區域拉回;3.Requiring the use of both of yo44、ur hands on machine controls(or the use of onehand if the control is mounted at a safe distance from the danger area)that are mounted at a predetermined safety distance需要使用雙手同時控制機器或者在控制器安裝在一個預設的安全距離的情況下，單手控制機器;or4.Providing a barrier which is synchronized with the operating cycle in order toprevent 45、entry to the danger area during the hazardous part of the cycle采用一個和機器運作周期同步的防護欄在有危險的運作周期中阻止人員接觸危險區域.,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Types of Safeguarding devices 安全防護裝置的種類,TYPE種類,METHOD OF SAFE GUARDING安全防護方法,ADVANTAGES優點,Pullback Devices拉回裝置,Cords connected to operators wrists and linked mechanically to t46、he machine automatically withdrawing the hands from the point of operation during the machine cycle.將繩索兩端連接在操作者手腕和機械上，使繩索隨著機械的運轉自動拉回操作者的雙手,Allows the hands to enter thepoint of operation for feeding and removal.允許雙手進入操作點送料Provides protection even in theevent of mechanical repeat.在機械重復中提供保護,EFFECTIVE47、 PROCESS 有效措施,Types of Safeguarding devices 安全防護裝置的種類,Restraint Devices限制裝置,Wrists are connected by cords and secured to a fixed anchor point which limit operators hands from reaching the point of operation at any time將手腕通過繩索連接在一個固定點，限制操作者的手觸碰到操作點,Simple,few moving parts;requires little maintenance 48、簡單，減少活動件，基本不需要維護Operator cannot reach the dangerarea操作者無法接觸危險區域Little risk of mechanical failure;provides protection even in the event of mechanical repeat.機械故障風險小，在機械重復中提供保護,Presence-Sensing devices感應裝置,Interlock into the machines control system to stop operation when the sensing field(photoelectri49、c,radio frequency,or electro-magnetic)is disturbed.聯鎖至機器的控制系統，當感應到干擾，自動停止機器運作,Adjusts to fit different stock sizes.可調節尺寸Allows access to load and unload themachine.允許進行送料和取料Allows access to the guarded area formaintenance and set-up activities.允許對保護區域進行維護和設置,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Types of Safeguard50、ing devices 安全防護裝置的種類,Two-Hand Control雙手控制,Requires concurrent and continued use of both hands,preventing them from entering danger area.要求同時持續使用雙手，防止雙手進入危險區域,Operators hands are at a predeterminedsafety distance.操作者的雙手處于預設的安全距離Operators hands are free to pick up newparts after completion of first p51、art of cycle.操作者的雙手在完成第一輪的周期可以自由地抓取新的部件,Gate防護門,Applicable to mechanical power presses.Provides barrier between danger area and operator until completion of machine cycle.適用于沖壓機，在運作周期完成前在危險區域和操作者之間提供防護,Prevents operator from reaching intodanger area during machine cycle.防止操作者在運作周期中接觸危險區域Provides pro52、tection from machine repeat.在機械重復中提供保護,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,PULL BACK DEVICES拉回裝置,RESTRAINT DEVICES限制裝置,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,PRESENCE SENSING DEVICE感應裝置,TWO-HAND CONTROL DEVICE雙手控制裝置,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,GATE CONTROL DEVICE防護門控制裝置,GATE OPEN防護門開啟,GATE CLOSED防護門關閉,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,3.CONTRO53、L OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY CONTROLLING HAZARDOUS ENERGY LOTO 通過控制危險能量源來控制機器危險,The energy stored in moving parts(momentum)can cause the mechanism of the machine or equipment to run on for some time after the source of driving energy has been removed.Also accidental start-up or movement of a machine mech54、anism can occur if儲存在設備運動部件的能源（動能）可以使機器設備在能源被切斷后依然運行一段時間。以下狀況會導致機械的意外啟動：,control levers or buttons are bumped or knocked,控制桿或控制按鈕受到撞擊或敲打,if a short circuit of the control system occurs,控制系統發生短路,when hydraulic or air pressure is released,釋放液壓或壓縮空氣,when undoing or retaining bolts安裝或卸除螺栓時,EFFECTIVE PRO55、CESS 有效措施,3.CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY CONTROLLING HAZARDOUS ENERGY LOTO 通過控制危險能量源來控制機器危險,Lockout-tag out(LOTO)or lock and tag 鎖定標識Safety procedure which is used in industry to ensure that dangerous machines are properly shut off and not started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or 56、servicing work.為了確保在維護或維修機器時機器正確關閉且不會意外開啟的安全程序。,1.It requires that hazardous energy sources to be isolated and rendered inoperative before any repair procedure is started.在維修工作開始前需要確保危險能量源“隔離并不會開啟”2.Procedure requires that a tag be affixed to the locked device indicating that it should not be turned57、 on.程序要求在鎖止設備放置鎖定標識以提示該設備不應開啟,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,The following overview of the lock out tag out process:鎖定標識（上牌掛鎖）的步驟：,1.Shut down the machinery and equipment關閉機器2.Identify all energy sources and other hazards識別危險能源3.Identify all isolation points識別所有隔離點4.Isolate all energy sources 切斷所有能源5.De-ene58、rgize all stored energies 釋放危險能源6.Lock out all isolation points 鎖閉所有隔離點7.Tag machinery controls,energy sources andother hazards 上牌標識8.Test by trying to reactivate the plant without exposing the tester or others to risk(failure to reactivate ensures that isolation procedures are effective and all sto59、red energies have beendissipated).核實能源隔離,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,4.CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY TRAINING EMPLOYEES通過培訓員工控制機器危險,Adequate instruction in the safe use and care of machines and supervised on-the-job training are essential in preventing amputation injuries.Only trained employees should op60、erate machinery.關于機器設備安全使用的培訓可以有效預防發生絞傷切傷事故。員工經過培訓后方可操作機器設備。Train employees in the following:向員工提供如下培訓：,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,4.CONTROL OF MACHINE HAZARDS BY TRAINING EMPLOYEES通過培訓員工控制機器危險,All hazards in the work area,including machine-specific hazards;介紹工作場所中的所有危險源，包括機器危險,Machine operating procedu61、res,lock out/tag out procedures and safe work practices;機器操作流程，鎖定標識程序以及安全工作指引,The purpose and proper use of machine safe guards;機械安全防護的目的以及如何正確使用,All procedures for responding to safeguarding problems such as immediately reporting unsafe conditions such as missing or damaged guards and violations of62、 safe operating practices to supervisors.如何及時上報安全防護設施的問題例如因防護設施缺失或受損可能導致的不安全狀況,Summary總結,MUST 必須:,1.All production equipment and machinery(Rotating parts,dangerous cutting areas)at factories shall be routinely maintained,equipped with guards or other protective devices and safely operated.所有用于生產的機械設63、備應配備安全防護措施并定期維護，以確保操作安全2.Factory should maintain maintenance records(Safe Machine operation,Lock Out Tag Out(LOTO)Systems,Cleaning Lubrication Tightening and Inspection(CLTI)check list,Machine Maintenance record,Root Cause Analysis(RCA)of frequent incident/accidents.)of all machinery.工廠應保留所有機械設備的維護保64、養記錄,Summary總結,MUST 必須:,3.Material handling methods shall be employed to prevent injuries.Material handling equipments(Forklifts,cranes,derricks or other material handling equipment)should be inspected before use.使用適當的物料搬運方式以預防意外傷害。相關設備（叉車，起重機等）在使用前應進行檢查。4.All employees should be trained related to m65、achine operating procedures,lock out/tag out procedures,safe work practices and reporting of un safe machine conditions/violations.應向所有員工提供關于機械設備操作規程，鎖定標識（上牌掛鎖），安全操作以及對不安全設備狀況進行匯報的相關培訓。,第三章,Part 03,安全干預,SAFETY INTERVENTIONS,TERMINOLOGY 術語,What is safety intervention?什么是安全干預？,It is an attempt to chan66、ge how things are done in order to improve safety.主動改變以提高安全性。Within the workplace it could be any new program,practice,or initiative intended to improve safety(e.g.,engineering intervention,training program,administrative procedure).安全干預在工廠可以是新的項目，新的操作或其他旨在提高安全的提案（例如工程干預，培訓項目以及行政管理程序）,TECHNICAL OVER67、VIEW 技術概要,MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS管理干預,MACHINE SAFETY POLICY 設備安全政策MACHINE SAFETY PROCEDURE 設備安全程序MACHINE SAFETY ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE(EG.SAFETY COMMITTEES,INSPECTIONS SCHEDULES,PERFORMANCE INCENTIVES.)設備安全組織架構（安全委員會，檢修安排等）MACHINE SAFETY COMMUNICATION MECHANISMS(TRAINING,POSTERS,MACHINE WORK INST68、RUCTIONS,ETC)設備安全溝通機制（培訓，海報，操作指引等）,TECHNICAL OVERVIEW 技術概要,TECHNICAL INTERVENTIONS技術干預,PHYSICAL SETTING 廠區設置WORKSTATION DESIGN 機臺擺放PRODUCTION PROCESSES 生產流程MACHINE DEVICES 機械設備,HUMAN INTERVENTIONS人事干預,SAFETY ATTITUDE 對于安全的態度KNOWLEDGE 相關知識MOTIVATION BEHAVIOR 激勵措施SAFETY CULTURE 建立鼓勵安全的文化,EFFECTIVE PRO69、CESS 有效措施,有效性調研,實施調研,需求分析,分析報告,收集信息,建立評估小組,實施評估,健全評估方案,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Gather Information收集信息,Identify problem and decide to implement intervention找出問題并決定實施干預Decide to evaluate intervention 評估干預措施Define purpose,timeline,budget for evaluation 設定評估目標，時間表及預算,階段,需求分析實施評估有效性評估,第1步：收集信息,第2步：建立評估小組,70、第3步：健全評估方案,第4步：實施評估,第5步：分析報告,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Organize evaluation team建立評估小組,Assemble evaluation committee.組建評估委員會Identify/recruit technical expertise.吸收技術專家,不同部門,宣傳人員,訓導人員,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Formulate evaluation plan and develop evaluation 健全評估方案,Review manual of machine 審閱機械操作手冊Review hi71、storical machine breakdown data 查閱機械故障歷史數據Initiate/develop/refine machine breakdown measurement methods建立/完善機械設備故障評估方法Select analytical method to framework rate of machine failure and accident caused選取適當的分析方式總結機械故障率及事故率,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Pre-intervention stage:Needs assessment and evaluation pl72、anning干預準備階段：需求分析,需求分析,期望結果,干預措施,評估機制,干預評估小組,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Analyze,report and disseminate 分析，報告并傳播擴散,Quantitative and qualitative data analysis for root cause of accidents,injuries.對于引發事故,工傷的根本性原因進行定量化數據分析Draw conclusion to implement system for long term solution.根據數據分析得出長期解決方案Report and pu73、blish safety results.報告并公告安全數據結果,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Measurement/Indicators selection short-term evaluation 短期評估指標,Awareness 員工意識,Attitudes 態度,Knowledge 相關知識,Behaviors 行為,Near-miss events 未遂事故（準事故）,Other production indicators其他生產指標,Intervention component-specificperceived quality and effectivenes74、s質量及有效性,Measurement/Indicators selection Longer termevaluation 長期評估指標,Number of injuries/illness 工傷/傷病數量,Number of exposures 被報道次數,Level of severity 事故嚴重性,Number of recordable 記錄數量,Absenteeism 曠工率,Health care claims 健康安全申報,Productivity 生產效率,Costs/ROI 成本/投資回報率,第四章,Part 04,個人防護用品,PERSONAL PROTECTIVE E75、QUIPMENT,TERMINOLOGY 術語,Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)個人防護用品,means equipment or clothing worn by a person for protecting from health or safety hazard associated with conditions at a work site.指用于保護人員免受與工作場所環境有關的健康/安全危險的設備或者衣物。,TECHINICAL OVERVIEW 技術概要,Where it is not reasonably practicable for e76、missions to be controlled at their source or reduces through effective ventilation,extraction or diversion,the use of personal protective equipment(PPE)as a final measure must be considered to ensure safety.當廢氣排放無法從源頭進行合理可行的控制，或者無法進行有效的通風，分離，轉化，個人防護用品的使用必須納入考慮范圍。Incorrect use of PPE or purchasing in77、appropriate PPE can contribute to serious work place incidents錯誤地使用個人防護用品或者購買不合適的個人防護用品都會造成嚴重的后果。,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Selection and use of PPE requires careful consideration,as there are many different types that reduce the risk of injury or contact or exposure to a hazard.選擇和使用個人防護用品需要仔細考慮，因為有多種78、不同類型的防護用品可以減少受傷風險和危險下的暴露。PPE that is uncomfortable,restrictive or heavy may create secondary hazards,and as a result constant supervision may be necessary to ensure it is used effectively.佩帶不舒適，限制行動或者沉重的個人防護用品可能造成二次傷害，因此需要持續的監管確保有效地使用個人防護用品。,EFFECTIVE PROCESS 有效措施,Hand-feeding tools operators can us79、e tools to feed and remove materials into and from machines so as to keep their hands away from the point of operation.送料工具操作者可以使用此類工具對機器進行送料/取料的工作，使雙手遠離操作點。,Employees at all levels should be trained in proper use of PPE such as“what protective clothing and equipment to wear”before approaching a mac80、hine or equipment operation.所有級別的員工應該接受正確使用個人防護用品的培訓，比如在開始操作機械設備前接受“選擇何種防護用品”的培訓。,Summary總結,1.Have a selection procedure in considering the right personal protectiveequipment.在考慮使用正確的個人防護用品時需要有一個選擇程序2.Protective equipment shall be provided for employee use to protect them against chemical(i.e.,glove81、s,aprons,boots,etc.),thermal(i.e.heat resistant gloves,smocks,pants,hoods,etc.),or other physical hazards(i.e.,hard hat,bump caps,floor mats,steel-toed boots,electrical protective equipment,etc.)為保護員工免受化學品危害（手套，圍裙，靴子等）熱危害（隔熱手套，罩衫，褲子，頭巾等）或者其他物理危害（安全帽，地墊，鋼頭靴，電氣保護設備）提供個人防護設備。,MUST 必須:,感謝聆的聆聽,THANK YOU FOR LISTENING,LOGO,