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1、主講：,液壓挖掘機,液壓挖掘機,液壓挖掘機培訓(xùn)教材Hydraulic excavators training materials,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,一 概論 general Introduction1 定義：挖掘機是一種主要用于開挖土石方的施工機械。Definition:An excavator is used in the excavation of earth and construction machinery2 工作過程：它是用鏟斗上的斗齒切削土壤并裝入斗內(nèi)，裝滿土后提升鏟斗并回轉(zhuǎn)到卸土地點卸土，然后再使轉(zhuǎn)臺回轉(zhuǎn)、鏟斗下降到挖掘面，進行下一次挖掘2、。Working Scoop:It uses the tooth of the bucket to cut soil and packed inside the bucket.Fill the bucket with soil and upgrade back to the point of dumping,and then rotate the platform,drop the bucket to the tap surface,then the next excavation.3 用途：挖掘機在建筑、筑路、水利、電力、采礦、石油、天然氣管道鋪設(shè)和軍事工程中被廣泛地使用。Excavator3、s uses:in building roads,water,power,mining,oil and gas pipeline laying project has been the widespread use of the military.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,4 主要作業(yè)對象：挖掘機主要用于筑路工程中的路基開挖，建筑工程中開挖基礎(chǔ)，水利工程中開挖溝渠、運河和疏浚河道，在采石場、露天開采等工程中剝離和礦石的挖掘等。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，工程施工中約60的土石方量是靠挖掘機完成的。Main operating target for major highway pr4、ojects:the excavator used in subgrade excavation,construction excavation foundation Excavation of water ditches,canals and river dredging,quarries,opencast mining projects such as stripping and ore mining.According to statistics,about 60%of earthwork construction is completed by the excavator5 其它用途：5、挖掘機更換工作裝置后還可進行澆筑、起重、安裝、打樁、夯土和拔樁等作業(yè)。Other uses:replacement of the devices also catch excavators,cranes,the installation of the pile,Ramming and the Diocesan piling operations.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6 工作條件 Working conditions6.1 液壓挖掘機正常工作環(huán)境溫度為-2055。Hydraulic excavators normal working temperature6、:-20 C 55 C6.2 液壓挖掘機應(yīng)能在級土壤中正常作業(yè)，對凍土層和巖石，需松裂和爆破后方可施工，且須使用巖石型鏟斗進行作業(yè)；巖石型鏟斗斗齒須滿足JG/T 90-1999 的要求.soil hydraulic excavator should be able to work normally,and the rock layer of permafrost,and the need to split the song blasting before construction.Rock requires the use of bucket for operations;Rock Bucke7、t Tooth JG/T 90-1999 must meet the requirements,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.3 輪胎式挖掘機在巖石工況作業(yè)時，對輪胎進行必要的保護。Tire excavator is operated in rock condition,the tires should have necessary protection.6.4 海拔3000 m能正常工作。altitude of 3,000 m work normally6.5 能在沙漠、鹽堿地區(qū)工作。Work normally in the desert,saline dis8、trict6.6 適于各種濕度地區(qū)工作，最大相對濕度要滿足100。In humidity areas,they are also suitable for all kinds of work,to meet 100%relative humidity.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,二 挖掘機的發(fā)展史The history of the excavatorsdevelopment,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,2.1 國外挖掘機的發(fā)展史1）1837年第一臺挖掘機在美國誕生-以蒸汽作9、動力的動力鏟2）1900年第一臺以柴油機作動力的挖掘機問世3）1954年第一臺全液壓挖掘機在德國出現(xiàn)4）1961年日本從歐美引進了液壓挖掘機技術(shù)5）1985年第一臺全電腦控制的液壓挖掘機在日本出現(xiàn)Excavator foreign history of the development:1837 the first excavator in the United States was born-to steam-driven power shovel in 1900 the first diesel engine to power for the excavator madeIn 1954 fi10、rst hydraulic excavator in German In 1961 Japan introduced a hydraulic excavator technical from Europe and the United States In 1985 the first of all computer-controlled hydraulic excavators was come into being in Japan,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,2.2 國內(nèi)挖掘機的發(fā)展史1）1954年生產(chǎn)出第一臺機械式挖掘機2）1960年開始研制液壓挖掘機3）111、970年以后測繪國外樣機仿制全液壓挖掘機取得成功4）1982年起挖掘機行業(yè)第一次全面引進德國公司的液壓挖掘機技術(shù)及配套件技術(shù)The history of the development of domestic excavator in 1954 produced the first mechanical digger in 1960 began developing hydraulic excavator in 1970 after mapping foreign prototype hydraulic excavator successful imitation since 1982 Exc12、avator the first German company to import the technology and accessories hydraulic excavator technology,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5）1990年機械工業(yè)部組織引進日本小松液壓挖掘機技術(shù)6）1990年玉柴研制成功了機重1.3噸的微型挖掘機7）1993年國外二手機開始在中國內(nèi)地大量銷售使用8）1995年-1998年國外10家著名公司開始在中國建合資與獨資企業(yè)9）1998年上海建筑機械廠破產(chǎn)被上海彭浦機械廠兼并5)1990 Machinery Industry Mi13、nistry and Japan Komatsu hydraulic excavator technology 6)1990 Yuchai success Machinery 1.3 tons of mini excavators 7)1993 foreign two cell phones in mainland China selling large quantities of used 8)1995-1998,10 foreign well-known companies in China,joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises 9)in 14、1998 Shanghai Construction Machinery Works bankruptcy Shanghai Effectiveness Evaluation on the Pengpu Machinery Plant merger,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,三 挖掘機的分類Excavators classification,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,3.1 按機重分類可分成：Classification by heavy machine can be divided into:微型（小型）micro(small)15、G 6t 中小型 mid and micro 6 tG 16t 中型 Medium 16 tG 40t 大型 Large 40 tG 100t 特大型 vast Large G 100t,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,國內(nèi)外普遍使用原則是：Home and abroad commonly used are 40t以上的大型機以正鏟為主，單用途：挖掘the excavators more than 40t mainly by front shovel,single purpose:excavating 6t以下的小（微）型機以履帶（全部）反鏟為 主，多用途 the e16、xcavators below 6t mainly crawler and backhoe,multi-purposes.10t-22 t之間的挖掘機輪式與履式混用，以履式占絕大多數(shù)，挖掘為主兼 顧多用途.10-22ts excavators have wheeled and crawler ones,mainly are crawlers,which have multi-purposes.22 t以上的挖掘機全部為履帶式挖掘機 all of the above 22t excavators are crawler excavators,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.CO17、M,3.2 按傳動方式分類：by means of driving can be classified 液壓傳動挖掘機和機械傳動挖掘機 hydraulic and mechanical transmission excavators 3.3 按作業(yè)方式分類：classification by excavator operations 單斗與多斗挖掘機 single and multi-buckets excavators 3.4 按行走方式分類：Classification by running mode 履帶式與輪胎式挖掘機（還有步履式、拖式、軌道式等）crawler and wheeled18、 excavators(and walker,towed.Rail),SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,3.5 按動力方式分類：Dynamic classification by the way 內(nèi)燃驅(qū)動（柴油機）與電力驅(qū)動挖掘機Diesel Driving(Diesel)and power-driven excavators3.6 按使用條件方式分類：Under conditions of use methods to classification 專用型挖掘機（常說的礦山型）與通用型挖掘機（建筑型）Special type excavator(often say t19、hat the mine type)and Universal Excavator(BC-)本文主要講：單斗履帶式液壓挖掘機 This article stresses:Single Bucket tracked hydraulic excavator,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,3.7 液壓挖掘機的特點與機械式挖掘機相比Hydraulic excavator features-as compared with mechanical digger 比重量小（每1斗容量與整機機重之比）：重量可減輕一半the weight is small(each one figh20、ting capacity and the engine aircraft weight ratio):reduce the weight to half 挖掘力大(the strength of excavating)：1.5:1 生產(chǎn)率高(Productivity)：2.2倍以上 機動性和越野性能好 Good mobility and cross ability 工作平穩(wěn)、安全可靠 Working stable,safe and reliable 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、美觀大方 Compact,attractive and unaffected,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM21、,四 液壓挖掘機總體結(jié)構(gòu)Overall structure of hydraulic excavators,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,液壓挖掘機的總體結(jié)構(gòu)包括動力裝置、工作裝置、回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)、操縱機構(gòu)、傳動系統(tǒng)、行走機構(gòu)和輔助設(shè)備等，如圖1-1所示。The overall structure of the power hydraulic excavator,working equipment,rotary,manipulation,transmission,walking and auxiliary equipment,as shown in Figure 1-1.22、常用的全回轉(zhuǎn)式液壓挖掘機的動力裝置、傳動系統(tǒng)的主要部分、回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)、輔助設(shè)備和駕駛室等都安裝在可回轉(zhuǎn)的平臺上，通常稱為上部轉(zhuǎn)臺。因此又可將單斗液壓挖掘機概括成工作裝置、上部轉(zhuǎn)臺和行走機構(gòu)等三部分。Rotary hydraulic excavators used in the power plant,the main transmission system,Rotary,and auxiliary equipment installed in the control room,so rotatable platform,commonly known as the upper table.So it23、 will be summarized into a single bucket of hydraulic excavator working device,the turntable and the upper part of the three agencies running.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,圖1-11配重 2發(fā)動機罩 3油水散熱器總成 4發(fā)動機 5空濾 6蓄電池 7座椅 8液壓油箱 9先導(dǎo)手柄 10燃油箱 11駕駛室 12回轉(zhuǎn)支承 13工具箱 14中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭15動臂油缸 16動臂 124、7斗桿油缸 18斗桿 19鏟斗油缸 20搖桿 21連桿 22鏟斗 23履帶 24導(dǎo)向輪25張緊機構(gòu)26支重輪 27托輪 28行走機構(gòu) 29主泵 30回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu) 31回油濾清器 32主閥Map 1-1 1 weight 2 engine hood 3 oil-water radiators.Machines 4 Engine Air Filter 6 Battery 7 Seat 8 Hydraulic Tank 9 precursor of the handle 10 fuel tank 11 Cab 12 rotary supporting 13 toolbox 14 central swiv25、el joints 15 Boom fuel tank 16 Boom 17 struggle rod fuel tank 18 bucket rods 19 bucket fuel tank 20 rocker 21 connecting rod 22 Bucket 23 tracked 24 guidance round 25 Tensioner 26 supporting wheels 27 child round of 28 running institutions 29 main pump 30 rotary bodies 31 back to the oil filter 32 m26、ain valves,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,動力系統(tǒng)Dynamic System,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.1 動力系統(tǒng)的基本知識挖掘機動力系統(tǒng)的核心是柴油發(fā)動機。其功用是將供給的燃油燃燒并將熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C械能，并通過液壓傳動系統(tǒng)使挖掘機行走和工作。柴油機的動力輸出就是液壓泵的動力輸入。動力系統(tǒng)包括發(fā)動機及附件、燃油箱、水箱等。Excavator basic knowledge of dynamical systems is the core of diesel engine power system.Its purpose27、 is to supply thermal energy to mechanical energy will fuel combustion.Excavators and make walking and working through the hydraulic system.Engine power output is the input pump power.Annex including engines and power systems,fuel containers,water tanks,etc.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,挖掘機動力裝置由下列系統(tǒng)28、組成：冷卻系統(tǒng)、進氣系統(tǒng)、排氣系統(tǒng)、燃油系統(tǒng)、潤滑系統(tǒng)、電器系統(tǒng)、減震和傳動系統(tǒng)Excavator power plant consists of the following components:cooling system,intake system,exhaust system,fuel system,the lubrication system,the electrical system,damping and transmission system,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.2 發(fā)動機編號 29、Engine No.6BTA5.9-C#-SY220C6 6個汽缸；six cylinderB 發(fā)動機系列 series of engine T 渦輪增壓器 TurbochargerA 后級冷卻（增壓后中冷）After cooling(cold Turbocharged5.9 51513.141206排量升51 51 314 120 6 displacement C 改進次數(shù) improved frequency#馬力horsepower,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.3 SY310挖掘機用柴油機介紹 SY310 excavators diesel采用康明斯QS30、B5.9-240 型柴油機,其可靠性、動力性、燃油經(jīng)濟性和低排放性等指標(biāo)在國際上都具有領(lǐng)先水平。Cummins Engine QSB5.9-240 use,reliability,power,Fuel economy and low emissions and so is a leading indicator of the level in the international arena.柴油機主要技術(shù)參數(shù)：Diesel main technical parameters:型式：六缸直列、水冷、直噴、渦輪增壓、中冷、電控Type:Inline six-cylinder,water-coole31、d,direct injection,turbocharger,cold,electric control氣缸直徑(Cylinder diameter)(mm)活塞行程(Piston stroke)(mm)：102120額定功率(Rated Power)(kW)/轉(zhuǎn)速(rpm)：182/2000最大扭矩Maximum torque(Nm)/轉(zhuǎn)速(rpm)：990/1500最低燃油消耗量Minimum fuel consumption(g/kWh)：210,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.4 動力傳輸路線表power transmission line行走動力傳輸路32、線：柴油機聯(lián)軸節(jié)液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）分配閥中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭行走馬達(dá)（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）減速箱驅(qū)動輪軌鏈履帶實現(xiàn)行走Power transmission line running:Diesel-coupling-hydraulic pump(mechanical energy into hydraulic energy)-valve-central swivel joints-running motors(hydraulic transformed into mechanical energy)-Gearbox-wheel-track crawler chain-operate to ac33、hieve,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,回轉(zhuǎn)運動傳輸路線：柴油機聯(lián)軸節(jié)液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）分配閥回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）減速箱回轉(zhuǎn)支承實現(xiàn)回轉(zhuǎn)Rotary movement routes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulic pump(mechanical energy into hydraulic energy)-valve-rotary motors(hydraulic transformed into mechanical energy)-Reducer-Slew Ring-achieving Rotary.動臂運動傳輸路線：柴油34、機聯(lián)軸節(jié)液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）分配閥動臂油缸（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）實現(xiàn)動臂運動Boom campaign routes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulic pump(mechanical energy into hydraulic energy)-valve-Boom tank(hydraulic transformed into mechanical energy)-arm movements to achieve,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,斗桿運動傳輸路線：柴油機聯(lián)軸節(jié)液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）分配閥斗桿油缸（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）實現(xiàn)35、斗桿運動Stick campaign routes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulic pump(mechanical energy into hydraulic energy)-valve-Stick tank(hydraulic transformed into mechanical energy)-achieving struggle bar鏟斗運動傳輸路線：柴油機聯(lián)軸節(jié)液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）分配閥鏟斗油缸（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）實現(xiàn)鏟斗運動Bucket campaign routes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulic pump(mechanical36、 energy into hydraulic energy)-valve-tank Bucket(hydraulic transformed into mechanical energy)-bucket campaign to achieve,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.5 動力傳輸原理圖Power transmission diagram,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,六 液壓挖掘機的結(jié)構(gòu)The structure of hydraulic excavators 液壓挖掘機的結(jié)構(gòu)件主要有底盤、回轉(zhuǎn)支承、中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭、轉(zhuǎn)臺、工作裝置37、配重、覆蓋件、司機室、空調(diào)等。The structure is the major hydraulic excavator chassis,rotor support,the central swivel joints,turntable,the device weight,the panel,cab,air-conditioners,and so on.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.1 底盤 底盤即行走裝置,包括履帶架和行走機構(gòu),主要由履帶架、行走馬達(dá)+減速機及其管路、驅(qū)動輪、導(dǎo)向輪、托鏈輪、支重輪、履帶、張緊緩沖裝置組成，見下圖。其功能為支承挖掘機的重量38、，并把驅(qū)動輪傳遞的動力轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闋恳Γ瑢崿F(xiàn)整機的行走。行走馬達(dá)+減速機=行走機構(gòu) 下車：底盤+回轉(zhuǎn)支承+中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭Chassis is running devices,including planes and running track,tracked by planes,and operating a motor-reducer pipe.Sprockets orientation launches child sprocket,supporting wheels,tracks,tension device composed of the figure below.Its function 39、is to support the weight of excavators,and wheel traction transfer of power to achieve a piece of the running.Motor running+Reducer=running system.Alight:chassis+Slew Ring+Central swivel joints,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,底盤chassis,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,支重輪 托鏈輪 導(dǎo)40、向輪Supporting round.Asked sprocket.Steering round.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,行走馬達(dá) 驅(qū)動輪 張緊緩沖裝置Running motors,driving wheel.Tension device,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,履帶架 Crawler Frame 履帶架（即車架總成）為整體焊接件,采用X 形結(jié)構(gòu)，其主要優(yōu)點是具有高的承載能力.車架總成由左縱梁（即左履帶架）、主車架（即中間架）、右縱梁（即右履帶架）三部分焊接而成。Tracked F(chassis assembly)weld41、ing pieces as a whole,the X-shaped structure.Its main advantages are high bearing capacity.Frame assembly from the left beam(left tracked F)Main Frame(intermediate F),right beam(right track F)three parts together through welding.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭Centra42、l swivel joints中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭是聯(lián)接回轉(zhuǎn)平臺與底盤油路的液壓元件，它保證回轉(zhuǎn)平臺旋轉(zhuǎn)任意角度后，還能正常給行走馬達(dá)供油。Central swivel joints are connected to the central Circuit hydraulic rotary platform and chassis components,which guarantees rotary platform arbitrary rotation angle,normal oil supply to the motor still running.Central swivel joints,S43、ANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.2 平臺 Platform 平臺是上車部分主要承載結(jié)構(gòu)件，分主平臺和左右平臺三部分。見下圖。Platform.The platform on the train carrying some of the major pieces of structure,principal platform and platform around three parts.See illustration below.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROU44、P WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.3 工作裝置Working Devices 工作裝置是液壓挖掘機的主要組成部分，目前SY系列挖掘機配置的是反鏟工作裝置，它主要用于挖掘停機面以下的土壤，但也可以挖掘最大切削高度以下的土壤，反鏟工作裝置由動臂、斗桿、鏟斗、搖桿、連桿及包含動臂油缸、斗桿油缸、鏟斗油缸在內(nèi)的工作裝置液壓管路等主要部分組成。Working devices is a key component of hydraulic excavators.SY series is currently configured backh45、oe excavator working device,it stands primarily for excavation below the soil surface.it is also the largest excavation of soil below the cutting height.Work by backhoe arm that will ban bucket,rocker,Boom linkage and includes tanks,fighting bar tank,the tank bucket of hydraulic pipe installation wo46、rk and other major components.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,連桿機構(gòu)Linkage,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,提升負(fù)載,提升負(fù)載,提升負(fù)載,動 臂Boom,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,鏟斗Bucket,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.4 配重Weight,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.5 駕駛室與空調(diào)駕駛室為流線形鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，前窗擋風(fēng)玻璃可滑動，天窗可開啟，配47、置雨刮器、清洗器、收放機、空調(diào)、座椅及操縱件、先導(dǎo)開關(guān)4處出風(fēng)口（除霜、吹腳、吹臉左、吹臉右）Cab and air-conditioning.Cab to streamline di e steel.Windscreen before sliding windows,skylights can be opened.Wiper allocation,581,Radio and Tape Player,air conditioning.benches and manipulate documents,the pilot switches.four out of drafts(defrosting48、.Winds feet of the left face blowing and blowing face right),SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,空調(diào)系統(tǒng)Air-conditioning systems,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的組成1 壓縮機總成2 冷凝器總成3 貯液干燥器總成4 蒸發(fā)器總成5 管路系統(tǒng)6 電器系統(tǒng) Air conditioning system:1 compressor assembly.2 condenser assembly.Reliability three dry storage solut49、ion.4 HVAC.5 pipeline system.6 electrical system,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,七 挖掘機的液壓系統(tǒng) Excavators Hydraulic System,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,.液壓系統(tǒng)概述 Hydraulic system.液壓元件組成：動力元件、控制元件、執(zhí)行元件、輔件動力元件：主泵控制元件：主控制閥組執(zhí)行元件：回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)、行走馬達(dá)、動臂油缸、斗桿油缸、鏟斗油缸。輔件：油箱、油冷卻器、蓄能器、電磁閥、比例閥、先導(dǎo)濾清器、中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭、液壓管接件等。Hydraulic compo50、nents:dynamic components and control components,the implementation of components,accessories dynamic components:main pump.Control components:the main control valve block.:rotary actuator motors running motors,Boom tank Stick tank bucket tank.Documentation:auxiliary fuel tanks,oil cooler,storage devi51、ces,solenoid valve,the proportional valve pilot filter,the central swivel joints,hydraulic tubing and parts.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,液壓系統(tǒng)分類：定量系統(tǒng)、變量系統(tǒng)、開式系統(tǒng)、閉式系統(tǒng)、恒功率系統(tǒng)、雙泵雙回路系統(tǒng)、總功率調(diào)節(jié)、分功率調(diào)節(jié)、中位、中位開心、中位閉心、節(jié)流調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)、負(fù)流量控制系統(tǒng)、正流量控制系統(tǒng)、負(fù)荷傳感控制系統(tǒng)等。Hydraulic System categories:quantitative system,variable system52、,open systems,closed system,constant power system,two double-loop pump systemtotal power conditioning,power adjustment minutes,the spaces,spaces unhappy that the median closed-center,cutting expenditure-conditioning systems,traffic control systems to negative.is flow control systems,load-sensing con53、trol system.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,液壓系統(tǒng)是挖掘機的能源轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)和各職能部件的控制系統(tǒng)，由主油路系統(tǒng)和先導(dǎo)操縱系統(tǒng)組成。發(fā)動機的動力通過液壓系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)化為整機各職能部件運動的驅(qū)動力，并對各職能部件的運動規(guī)律進行有效的控制。The energy conversion system is a hydraulic excavator system components and functions of the control system.manipulated by the main oil system and the pilot system.En54、gines hydraulic system through various functional components into a piece of the campaign driving forcealso all functional components of the movement for effective control.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,主液壓回路：用于主泵向各執(zhí)行元件供油先導(dǎo)液壓回路：主要用于操作控制閥挖掘機的液壓系統(tǒng)通常由一臺發(fā)動機、兩個液壓主泵、一個先導(dǎo)泵、一個整體式控制閥組、四個液壓油缸、一個回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)和二個行走馬達(dá)組成。M55、ain:hydraulic circuit components for the implementation of oil supply to the main pump.Pilot hydraulic circuit:for the operation of the main control valve.usually by a system of hydraulic excavators engine,the two main hydraulic pump,a pilot pumpControl Valves a whole,four cylinder motor component o56、f a rotary motor and walking two.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,主泵通過聯(lián)接盤直接與發(fā)動機輸出軸相聯(lián)。主泵通過控制閥向動作執(zhí)行元件供油；先導(dǎo)泵向三個先導(dǎo)閥供油。先導(dǎo)閥：二個工作先導(dǎo)閥（實現(xiàn)挖掘機的各種動作）和一個行走先導(dǎo)閥（實現(xiàn)挖掘機的行走與轉(zhuǎn)向）。Pump connected to the main disk directly associated with the engine output shaft.Through the implementation of actions to the main pump control 57、valve components dispensing;Leading to the three pilot valve dispensing pump.Pilot valve:Working two pilot valve(excavators achieve various moves),and running a pilot valve(and to achieve the operating excavator).,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,挖掘機作業(yè)過程挖掘機一個作業(yè)循環(huán)包括以下動作：、挖掘通過對鏟斗、斗桿以及它們的復(fù)合動作，實現(xiàn)鏟斗的破土、裝土。、滿58、斗回轉(zhuǎn)鏟斗裝滿土后，動臂提升、同時進行平臺回轉(zhuǎn)到卸土位置。、卸土平臺回轉(zhuǎn)到位后制動，由斗桿調(diào)節(jié)卸土半徑，鏟斗翻轉(zhuǎn)卸土。、回位 鏟斗卸土，轉(zhuǎn)臺反轉(zhuǎn)，動臂、斗桿配合，回到挖掘位置。Excavator process.Excavator a circle of the following actions:1,on tap-Bucket.The composite rod movements and their struggle to achieve the momentum bucket,put the soil.2,rotary-mand bucket filled with soil,Boom 59、upgrade,the platform back to the dumping place.3,dumping-rotating platform brake in place by the struggle radius rod regulate dumping,dumping bucket overturned.4 spaces-back bucket dumping,the table has turned around,arm,tie rod struggle to return excavation location.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,7.60、2 三一挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)介紹 Sany excavator hydraulic system.三一挖掘機采用國內(nèi)外普遍使用的雙泵雙回路全功率變量中位開芯系統(tǒng)，通過流量反饋信號控制油泵流量，使流量按需分配到各職能部件，實現(xiàn)不同工況的最佳匹配。三一挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)主要有日本川崎公司提供。川崎公司的液壓系統(tǒng)采用負(fù)流量控制，動臂、斗桿的負(fù)載保持閥和再生閥集成在主閥內(nèi)，動臂、斗桿在主閥內(nèi)實現(xiàn)合流。Sany excavator uses abroad commonly,double-pump loop-power variable opened core systemfeedback signal to co61、ntrol the flow of oil flow,the flow of functions DAMA partsdifferent conditions to achieve the best match.March 1 excavator hydraulic system mainly for the Japanese company Kawasaki.Kawasaki companies in the hydraulic system used to control flow negative,Boom,fighting to maintain leverage load renew62、able valve integrated in the main valve and valve,Boom.the main valve lever in the struggle to achieve convergence.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,挖掘機的電氣控制系統(tǒng)Excavators Electrical Control System,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,8.1 電氣控制系統(tǒng)概述 Electrical Control System 8.1.1 電氣控制系統(tǒng)的功能electrical control system63、s functions 挖掘機的電氣控制系統(tǒng)主要實現(xiàn)以下功能：電子監(jiān)控、自動報警及故障自診斷節(jié)能降耗、提高生產(chǎn)率實現(xiàn)柴油機的控制，如電子調(diào)速器、電子油門控制裝置、自動怠速停機裝置、自動升溫控制裝置實現(xiàn)作業(yè)過程的自動化或半自動化 Excavators main electrical control system to achieve the following functions:electronic monitoring,automatic alarm and fault diagnosis.saving energy,increasing productivity.Diesel contro64、lif the electronic speed governor,electronic throttle control device,the device automatically Idle stands,automatic temperature control device to achieve the automatic or semi-automatic operation process,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,.1.2 電氣控制系統(tǒng)的使用條件Electrical Control System conditions of use.電氣控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)65、滿足以下使用條件：能在 的環(huán)境溫度下可靠、穩(wěn)定的工作抗老化、具有較長的使用壽命密封性能好，能防止水分和污物的侵入有較好的耐沖擊和抗振性能有較強的抗干擾能力，系統(tǒng)能在各種干擾下可靠地工作Use electrical control system should meet the following conditions:in the ambient temperature range of-40 C to 80 C and reliable,stable jobs.aging.have a longer life expectancy.Seal,can prevent the intrusion 66、of water and dirt.a better impact resistance and anti-vibration properties.a strong anti-jamming capability.the system can work reliably under all sorts of interference.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,8.1.3電氣控制系統(tǒng)的組成 The electrical control system components.挖掘機的電氣控制系統(tǒng)基本上有以下二部分組成:車輛電氣設(shè)備電源：包括蓄電池、發(fā)電機及其調(diào)節(jié)器67、。起動機：用于起動發(fā)動機。照明及信號設(shè)備：包括各種照明和信號燈以及電喇叭、蜂鳴器等。儀表：包括燃油表、機油壓力表、水溫表、發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速表。電子控制裝置Excavators electrical control system,which is basically composed of the following two parts:Battery power:electrical equipment,including vehicles,generators and regulators.Starter:starter for the engine.Lighting and signal lig68、hts and lighting and equipment including:electric speakers,such as buzzers.Instrument:Table includes fuel,oil pressure gauge,the water temperature scale engine tachometer.Electronic control device,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,.2 三一挖掘機的電子控制系統(tǒng) Sany excavator electronic control system.8.2.1電氣控制系統(tǒng)組成：Ele69、ctrical Control System components include:包括基本電氣系統(tǒng)、功能控制系統(tǒng)、儀表監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。Basic electrical system.functional control systems,instrument control system.8.2.2 系統(tǒng)功能說明：基本電氣系統(tǒng)包括柴油機啟停控制系統(tǒng)、自動暖機控制、電源系統(tǒng)、燈光控制系統(tǒng)、音響與空調(diào)系統(tǒng)等。功能控制系統(tǒng)包括車輛工況控制、功率控制系統(tǒng)。8.2.2 system functions include:basic electrical Diesel COMMITMENT control sys70、tem,automatic control warming.Power systems,lighting control system,sound system and air-conditioning systems.Condition control functions including vehicle control systems,power control system.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,工況控制主要實現(xiàn)先導(dǎo)油路控制、系統(tǒng)增壓控制、行走雙速控制等功能。系統(tǒng)增壓控制可在需要時提供較高的系統(tǒng)壓力，用來克服較大負(fù)載。行走雙速控制可實現(xiàn)機器的高低速71、行走控制。功率控制系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)柴油機與液壓泵的功率匹配控制，工作模式控制、自動怠速控制功能。功率匹配控制可根據(jù)柴油機轉(zhuǎn)速的變化控制液壓泵的流量輸出，從而保持柴油機轉(zhuǎn)速的穩(wěn)定。Control Circuit main condition pilot control,pressure control system,running on two-speed control and other functions.Pressure control system can provide the necessary high pressure system used to overcome the bigge72、r load.Running on the high-speed machine control can achieve low operating control.Diesel power control system and the power matching hydraulic pump control mode control,automatic idle speed control function.Power matching engine speed control can change the flow control hydraulic pump output so as 73、to maintain the stability of the engine speed.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,工作模式控制可實現(xiàn)三種工作模式的設(shè)定：重載作業(yè)模式，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)模式，普通作業(yè)模式。自動怠速控制可在機器停止作業(yè)8秒（可設(shè)定）后，自動進入設(shè)定較低轉(zhuǎn)速，從而降低能耗和機器噪聲。Mode control can be achieved:the creation of three working models Heavy operations,the standard mode of operation,the general mode of oper74、ation.Automatic idle speed control machines stop operations in eight seconds(be set),automatically setting a lower speed.thereby reducing energy consumption and noise machines.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,儀表監(jiān)控制系統(tǒng)包括車輛狀態(tài)的顯示與設(shè)定控制，工況監(jiān)測控制。主要實現(xiàn)柴油機狀態(tài)監(jiān)測（轉(zhuǎn)速、燃油油位、冷卻水溫度、機油壓力等），電氣系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測（蓄電池電壓、傳感器故障、控制器故障等）、液壓系統(tǒng)監(jiān)75、測（液壓油溫度、液壓油濾清器）、工況狀態(tài)設(shè)定及顯示、怠速狀態(tài)顯示，同時具有報警事件記錄與信息提示功能。Instruments monitoring systems to show the state of vehicles and setting control,condition monitoring and control.Main diesel engine condition monitoring(speed,fuel oil spaces,cooling water temperature,oil pressure,etc.)Electrical monitoring system(76、battery voltage sensor failure,controller failure,etc.),monitoring the hydraulic system(hydraulic oil temperature.hydraulic oil filter),and set state conditions,idling state,the same time it is suggested that the police recorded and the information function.,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,九、挖掘機主要性能參數(shù)及說明Excavator key performance parameters and shows,SANY GROUP WWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SY200C挖掘機主要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟性能指標(biāo)與其它同類產(chǎn)品的比較Excavator major technical and economic performance compared with other similar products,