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1、常用施工工藝中英中英文對照各種施工工藝大全1、 鋼結構工程Steel Project1.1鋼結構焊接 Welded Steel1.1.1工藝流程 作業準備電弧焊接（平焊、立焊、橫焊、仰焊）焊縫檢查Process Ready to workArc Weld(Flat Welding、Stand Welding、Sidelong Welding 、Welding belief) Weld inspection1.1.2鋼結構電弧焊接:Arc Welding Steel:.1平焊:選擇合適的焊接工藝,焊條直徑,焊接電流,焊接速度,焊接電弧長度等,通過焊接工藝驗證;清理焊口:焊前檢查坡口、組裝間隙是否2、符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊縫周圍不得有油污、銹物；烘焙焊條應符合規定溫度與時間，從烘箱中取出的焊條，放在焊條保溫桶內，隨用隨取；焊拉電源：根據焊件厚度、焊接層次、焊條型號、直徑、焊工熟練程度等因素，選擇適宜的焊接電流；引弧：角焊縫起落弧點應在焊縫端部，宜大于10，不應隨便打弧，打火引弧后應立即將焊條從焊縫區拉開，使焊條塊結合與構件間保持24間隙產生電弧。對接焊縫及對接和角接組合焊縫，在焊縫兩端設引弧板和引出板，必須在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊縫區，中途接頭則應在焊縫接頭前方1520處打火引弧，將焊件預熱后再將焊條退回到焊縫起始處，把熔池填滿到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：要求等速焊接，保3、證焊縫厚度、寬度均勻一致，從面罩內看熔池中鐵水與熔渣保持等距離（23）為宜；焊接電弧長度：根據焊條型號不同而確定，一般要求電弧長度穩定不變，酸性焊條一般為34，堿性焊條一般為23為宜；焊接角度：根據兩焊件的厚度確定，焊接角度有兩個方面，一是焊條與焊接前進方向的夾角為6075；二是焊條與焊接左右夾角有兩種情況，當焊件厚度相等時，焊件與焊件夾角為45；當焊件厚度不等時，焊條與較厚焊件一側夾角應大于焊條與薄焊件一側夾角；收弧：每條焊縫焊到末尾，應將弧坑填滿后，往焊接方向相反的方向帶弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里邊，以防弧坑咬肉。焊接完畢，應采用氣割切除弧板，并修磨平整，不許用錘擊落；清渣：整條焊縫焊完后4、清除熔渣，經焊工自檢（包括外觀及焊縫尺寸等）確無問題后，方可轉移地點繼續焊接。Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning i5、t firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type and diameter6、, skilled welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and maintaining 7、so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc. Butt Weld and docking and corner combinations Weld, in Weld ends located arc plate and extraction plate in igniting board then leads to the welding seam, joint halfway shall weld joints in front of 2.0 mm Department Firing arc, welding pieces after preheating rod w8、ill return to weld the origin, pool filled to the required thickness, before forward welding; Welding speed : Isokinetic welding requirements to ensure weld thickness, width uniform, which masks to look for hot metal and slag bath equidistance (2-3 mm)%; Arc welding rod length : different models and9、 determined that the general requirements of arc length is stable, acid electrode generally 3-4 mm, 2-3 mm normally alkaline electrode%; Welding perspective : According to determine the thickness of two pieces of welding, welding angle has two aspects : First, the angle between the direction of the 10、rod and welding of 60-75 ; The second is the angle between two electrodes and welding around, the same thickness as welding, welding and welding pieces incident angle of 45 ; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick and thin pieces of welding electrode side angle greater 11、than the angle between the side pieces; Arc : admission to the end of each weld should be filled crater, in the direction opposite to the direction of the back-arc welding, arc welding unchanged inside pit in 1974, to prevent the crater bite of meat. Welding completed, should be removed arc OFC boar12、ds and grinding formation, while the hammer down; Slag : After removal of the entire weld slag, welders self (including weld appearance and size, etc.) there is no problem, before relocation to continue welding1.1.2.2立焊:基本操作工藝過程與平焊相同,但應注意下述問題:在同等條件下,焊接電源比平焊電流小10%15%;采用短弧焊接,弧長一般為23;焊條角度根據焊件厚度確定.兩焊件厚度13、相等,焊條與焊條左右方向夾角均為45;兩焊件厚度不等時,焊條厚度不等時,焊條與較厚焊件一側的夾角應大于較薄一側的夾角.焊條應與垂直面形成6080角,使電弧略向上,吹向熔池中心;收弧:當焊到末尾,采用排弧法將弧坑填滿,把電弧移至熔池中央停弧.嚴禁使弧坑甩在一邊.為了防止咬肉,應壓低電弧變換焊條角度,使焊條與焊件垂直或由弧稍向下吹.Welding process and the peace operation : basic welding, but they should pay attention to the following issues : under the same conditi14、ons, welding current and friction over the plate short-arc welding, arc length is generally 2-3 mm; According to determine perspective welding electrode thickness. Welding two pieces of equal thickness, electrode and the electrode are around 45 angle direction; Two welding thickness ranges, electrod15、e thickness ranges, with thick welding rod side of the incident angle and the angle is larger than the thinner side. with the vertical plane electrode formed 60 to 80 angle, arc slightly upward, towards the pool; Arc welding : admission to the end of the paper that will crater filled arc, arc moved 16、to the central pool stopped arc. To prevent occlude, Transformation should lower electrode arc angle, or vertical rod and welding pieces of blowing down slightly from the arc.1.1.2.3橫焊:基本與平焊相同,焊接電流比同條件平焊的電流小10%15%,電弧長24.焊條的角度,橫焊時焊條應向下傾斜,其角度為7080,防止鐵水下墜.根據兩焊件的厚度不同,可適當調整焊條角度,焊條與焊接前進方向為7090.Sidelong We17、lding same: basic welding, the welding current conditions compared with the current level of welding small beeswax, 2-4 mm long arc. Electrode angle, horizontal welding rod should be balancing its angle of 70 to 80 to prevent the fall of molten iron. According to the thickness of two different weldi18、ng pieces, it would be appropriate to adjust electrode perspective welding electrode and the direction of 70 -90 1.1.2.3仰焊:基本與立焊、橫焊相同,其焊條與焊件的夾角和焊件厚度有關,焊條與焊接方向成7080角,宜有小電流、短弧焊接。Welding belief 、Sidelong Welding and Stand Welding: the same horizontal welding, the welding electrode and the incident angl19、e and thickness of the welding, welding electrode and the direction of 70 to 80 angle are advised to a small current, short-arc welding1.1.3冬期低溫焊接:在環境溫度低于0條件下進行電弧焊時,除遵守常溫焊接的有關規定外,應調整焊接工藝參數,使焊縫和熱影響區緩慢冷卻.風力超過4級,應采取擋風措施;焊后未冷卻的接頭,應避免碰到冰雪;鋼結構為防止焊接裂紋,應預熱以控制層間溫度.當工作地點溫度在0以下時,應進行工藝試驗,以確定適當的預熱,后熱溫度.Welding :20、 In the winter low temperature environment under the conditions of temperature below 0, in addition to compliance with the relevant provisions of temperature welding, the welding parameters should be adjusted so that weld heat affected zone and slow cooling. Wind over four levels, measures should be21、 taken to wind; Not the cooling weld joints should avoid encountered snow; To prevent steel welding cracks. interlayer preheating temperature to be controlled. When the temperature is below zero degree work should be carried out when a process test to determine appropriate preheating, heat temperature.1.2普通緊固件連接工程施工工藝