混凝土施工方案大體積重晶石防輻射.doc
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1、is one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, peoples behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as v2、alues. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civiliz3、ation, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that persons value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate eve4、ry community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlook, attitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the p5、remise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating serve for one officer, the benefit of achievements, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of peoples performance. Achievement eva6、luation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential fo7、r sustainable development. Leave people to talk about values are worthless and leave people to talk about Outlook is not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichu8、anyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful 9、in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualiz10、ation needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the agricultural society, 11、people plant; in industrial society, man is an animal; the information society, return設計概況本工程住院樓地下室設有二個直線加速器機房,結構設計為重晶石防輻射混凝土,其中墻板厚度為1100,局部為2400,頂板厚度為1150,局部為2400,屬于大體積混凝土范疇。抗輻射混凝土的密實度不小于2。35克/立方厘米,設計強度為C30,混凝土結構類型為一類,基礎為二類。2 工程特點及難點分析醫用直線加速器對腫瘤疾病有良好的治療效果,但如果防護不當,其高能電磁輻射也會給周邊人員造成傷害.為了防止射線的泄漏,除進出治療室12、的各種管道和線路均應預留、預埋外,不允許成型后鉆孔,更不能有穿透的施工縫,并要嚴防大體積混凝土的水化熱反應引起的裂縫。因此,除了應做好原材料的選擇和優化配合比以及各種管道和線路的預留、預埋外,還必須做好施工縫的設置,不能有穿透的施工縫.本工程的施工難點主要包括以下幾點,必須作為主控對象,做好施工過程的控制和監測。(1)混凝土結構厚度大,屬大體積混凝土范疇,應采取措施控制大體積混凝土的溫度裂縫;(2)設計要求抗輻射混凝土必須連續澆筑;(3)抗輻射混凝土的密度不小于2.35克/立方厘米。3 鋼筋混凝土結構施工主要方法3.1基礎工程施工方案基礎工程施工流程如下:施工前準備測量放線墊層綁扎鋼筋、支模澆13、筑混凝土基礎墻回填土。3.1。1墊層混凝土施工基礎墊層混凝土的澆筑:復核基坑內土體標高,根據高程控制點用鋼筋頭墊層尺寸范圍內中心的表面控制標志,四周用100mm方木固定。澆筑前要經項目部門復核模板位置無誤。澆筑墊層混凝土用滾筒碾壓平整,用木抹子抹平壓實,最后用鐵抹子壓實壓光。用磚砌模的,嚴格按照圖紙要求進行施工,作到模內干凈,無積水、垃圾.3.1.2基礎鋼筋施工基礎鋼筋的施工應注意以下幾點:成型制作前注意:鋼筋是否具備出廠合格證,核對鋼筋的規格、數量是否有誤,做好原材及焊接件取樣、試驗工作,合格后方可使用.綁扎前注意的問題:柱、梁箍筋與主筋垂直,箍筋的接頭要交錯布置在四交縱向鋼筋上,箍筋轉角與14、縱向鋼筋的交叉點均應扎牢;箍筋平直部分與縱向交叉點可間隔扎牢,以防骨架歪斜;柱插筋位置要正確。具體做法可用直徑14的鋼筋作成井字型,在柱模安裝前焊于柱主筋上,井字筋的尺寸等于柱截面尺寸.3。1.3基礎模板施工模板支立要牢固,標高尺寸正確,其支撐部分必須支撐在堅實的地基上,以防因混凝土振搗引起的模板變形,影響混凝土的質量,拆模時要待混凝土達到一定強度,并使混凝土不被損壞才可拆除(一般在澆筑24小時后即可拆除基礎梁、柱側模)。3.1。4底板普通混凝土的澆筑本工程采用獨立的布料桿布料,根據工程的結構特點及現場道路的情況,從里向外進行布料。布料桿的作用范圍要最大,且要盡量減少移動泵車。材料準備:按照澆15、筑工作量,作好商品混凝土供應量計劃,以保證混凝土連續施工的需要。混凝土的運輸能力必須保證混凝土的連續澆筑,并在運輸過程中保持其勻質性,作到不分層、不離析、不漏漿,保持較好的和易性,運至澆筑地點時塌落度保持良好。混凝土運到施工現場時,隨即開始澆筑,并在初凝前澆筑完畢.澆筑過程中,操作人員不準在模板支撐和鋼筋上行走,隨時把模內鋼筋的臨時支撐和混凝土的厚度標志取出,不得埋入混凝土內。澆筑順序從距卸料點最遠的一端開始,逆向進行,以逐漸縮短運距,避免振實的混凝土受擾動。根據基礎的厚度分段分層澆筑,每段長度控制在2-3米的距離,各層各段互相銜接,逐層逐段呈階梯狀沿長條形基礎長度方向向后澆筑,不得先把下層混16、凝土澆筑完畢再澆筑上層混凝土.3。2主體結構工程施工方案施工工藝流程:搭設鋼排架綁扎墻板鋼筋支立頂板模板支立墻板模板綁扎頂板鋼筋墻板模板加固連續澆筑墻板、頂板他保溫養護。3。2。1墻、頂板鋼筋施工要點墻板鋼筋采用對焊連接,接頭位置盡量錯開,板鋼筋綁扎用卷尺正確控制間距。單向板鋼筋外圍兩排鋼筋滿扎,中間鋼筋可采用梅花型綁扎,雙向板必須全部滿扎.綁扎接頭呈八字型,避免鋼筋向一側傾倒。上下鋼筋之間設鋼筋撐腳,每平方米設置一個,保證上下鋼筋間距。鋼筋綁扎過程中,如發現鋼筋與埋件相碰時,要會同有關人員研究處理,不得任意彎、割、折、移。3。2.2墻、頂板模板工程3.2。2。1模板的設計制作要求模板采用九夾17、板和36mm厚木板制作,排架采用直徑48鋼管搭設,排架搭設的同時,外圍腳手架與排架應同時搭設梁下,鋼管可支撐在基礎底板混凝土面上。現澆板下鋼管立桿間距為0.5米,水平聯系桿設置4道,掃地桿離地20cm,中間設間距1。4米的縱橫聯系桿,考慮排架的整體穩定,縱橫二向均需設置水平拉桿。除水平拉桿外還須適當布置縱橫二個方向的剪刀撐.模板在設計和施工時,其尺寸宜稍小于建筑的凈尺寸,以使處理與結構的接頭,模板長度方向的尺寸也應留有安裝余量.3.2.2。2模板施工模板施工要制定好施工工藝流程和施工方案,作好一切施工布置,對操作班組和各專業人員進行必要的技術交底.模板施工劃分好流水段以及各個不同的施工區域,施18、工順序和施工總平面布置盡量合理,以便充分利用起重機械設備,減少模板落地吊運次數,同時也使得其他工作也能順利開展。模板按設計和施工方案要求編排編碼,并用醒目的字體注明在模板背面。安裝前核對模板型號、數量并維修清刷干凈。在模板就位前,認真涂刷脫模劑,不得有漏。模板施工前應先綁扎鋼筋,后支立一側模板,待安裝好其他全部項目,再支另一側模板.檢查墻體鋼筋、混凝土保護層墊塊、水電管線、預埋件、門窗洞口模板和穿墻螺栓套管有無遺漏,位置是否準確,安裝是否牢固,并清除模板內的雜物方可合模。模板校正合格后,在模板頂部安放固定位置的卡具,并緊固螺栓或銷子。模板安裝完畢后,檢查扣件、螺栓是否緊固,拼縫是否緊固,經檢查19、合格后,方可澆筑混凝土。拆模順序應是先支的后拆,后支的先拆.先拆除模板的固定件和連接附件,使模板向后傾斜.吊運模板前應其是否完全脫離主體,所有配件是否已取出,確認無誤后方準起吊。3.2.3墻、頂板大體積重晶石混凝土工程3.2.3.1重晶石混凝土工藝原理(1)重晶石混凝土采用密度大,含結合水多的重晶石碎石、重晶石砂等粗細骨料(主要成分為BaSO4。 2H2O),以普通水泥作為膠凝材料,同時加入水、外加劑按一定配合比拌合形成防輻射混凝土.其表觀密度大,對X射線和射線防護性能好;骨料中有大量的結合水,氫元素含量多,能有效防護中子流.重晶石混凝土澆入模成型后與鋼筋骨架共同形成具有特殊防輻射性能的混凝土20、結構。(2)通過優選原材料和科學的配合比設計;確保混凝土在拌合和成型過程防止離析、保持均勻、成型密實;控制大體積混凝土溫度裂縫;以及施工縫的特殊處理.從而保證結構混凝土的表觀密度和結構構件厚度符合設計要求,達到設計的防輻射效果。3。2.3。2原材料選用與配合比設計(1)原材料選用水泥:采用PO.32。5普通硅酸鹽水泥和高效混凝土摻合料,其質量應符合GB1751999硅酸鹽水泥、普通硅酸鹽水泥和GB/T187362002高強高性能混凝土用礦物外加劑的相關要求。也可采用其他密度較大、耐熱性能好、低水化熱的水泥。重晶石碎石、重晶石砂:表觀密度要求在4300kg/m3以上,其BaSO4含量不低于90%21、,內含石膏或黃鐵礦的硫化物及硫酸化合物不超過7%,碎石含泥量1. 拌合用水:混凝土拌合用水應符合JGJ6389混凝土拌合用水標準的相關要求。外加劑:泵送劑、減水劑和膨脹劑質量應符合GB501192003混凝土外加劑應用技術規程的相關要求。(2)重晶石混凝土配合比設計經過原材料優選,主要參照GB501192003混凝土外加劑應用技術規程和JBJ/T55-2000 、J64-2000普通混凝土配合比設計規程的相關規定進行配合比設計.塌落度控制在100120mm之間.每立方米膠凝材料總用量控制在最大水泥用量以內;考慮地下結構有利于大體積混凝土抗裂,采用UEAE型膨脹劑(內摻10%)和高效混凝土摻合料22、(內摻50%)等量取代水泥。砂率按43%、摻泵送劑、經多次試配試驗后確定最優配合比。3.2。3。3重晶石混凝土的制備與運輸采用礦區樣品按規定送檢合格后,備足材料,進場后分區堆放,按規定取樣送檢,重晶石碎石、重晶石砂每200m3取樣一次,進行級配分析和表觀密度檢測,經檢驗合格方可使用.并定時校驗自動計量裝置,控制投料誤差在規定的范圍內。嚴格控制投料順序、單盤攪拌量、攪拌時間、出廠坍落度、入泵坍落度,并按規定留設試塊。采用專車運輸供應;每車裝料時,罐體要高速攪拌,運輸途中低速攪拌,防止混凝土離析;裝載運輸量控制在普通混凝土的6065;供應速度應保證混凝土連續施工要求;還應考慮備用的運輸路線和停水、23、停電及設備故障等應急措施.3。2.3.4重晶石混凝土的泵送和澆搗重晶石混凝土骨料重,易離析,準備采用泵送工藝輸送。通過以下措施,保證重晶石混凝土成功泵送和澆搗。采用功率較大的輸送泵,盡量使混凝土沿水平輸送,主管控制在100m以內。嚴格控制重晶石混凝土的質量,進場的每車混凝土必須經目測無離析,現場實測坍落度符合要求后,才能入泵.鑒于重晶石混凝土的泵送具有一定的難度,現場泵送施工時,一定要根據現場情況先進行有針對性的泵送試驗;成功后再組織澆筑作業。墻板砼澆筑應分層進行,每層厚度不超過500mm,且上下層間不超過砼初凝時間,不允許留設任何規范允許外的水平施工縫。墻板砼澆至梁底后應稍加停息約1小時左右24、,讓砼達到初步沉落,再澆上部砼。震動棒應插入墻板下層砼5cm左右,以防發生水平裂縫。鑒于本工程重晶石混凝土施工面不大的特點,頂板大體積混凝土采用整體平面分層澆筑的方法,每層澆筑厚度400mm,共分三層進行.局部2400mm部位分六層進行。3。2.3。5施工縫的特殊處理措施鑒于本工程的特殊性,重晶石混凝土應連續澆筑,僅在基礎底板部位留置一條水平施工縫,具體位置在底板頂標高下0。2米,寬度同墻厚,在澆筑底板混凝土時預留,墻板和頂板同時澆筑,以確保防輻射效果。施工縫位置示意圖3.2.3。6大體積混凝土裂縫控制措施采用低水化熱水泥和摻合料。優化配合比設計,控制骨料質量和含泥量及水灰比,砼表面做好二次抹25、平壓實工序。采取對板基層壓光或增加滑動層等降低結構邊緣約束措施。就結構本身而言,針對其相應薄弱部位及應力集中部位要采取有效的加強措施;外露結構表面應增加細而密的溫度筋網片;水平施工縫適當增加插筋.采取有效的溫度測量與控制措施.混凝土澆搗后,采用在混凝土體內不同部位及深度預埋測溫孔的辦法,用溫度計進行測量.發現偏差立即采取有效處理措施糾偏,直至達到預定控制范圍。養護完成后,測溫孔采用重晶石砼封堵密實。3.2。3.7大體積混凝土溫度監控及保溫養護(1)大體積混凝土溫度監控大體積混凝土溫度控制參數:混凝土內表溫度之差不得超過25,混凝土溫度驟降不得超過10,內表溫差達23時就發警報。測溫點布置:四面26、墻板:墻板超厚部分4處,在其中部沿高度方向各取1處,分別在距混凝土表面10cm及結構中間部位布置2個測溫點,共計8個測溫點。頂板:大體積頂板2處,在其中部沿高度方向取2處,分別在距混凝土表面以下10cm及結構中間部位布置2個測溫點,共計4個測溫點。外環境:在墻板與頂板加厚部分中心部位,離混凝土表面以外10cm處各布置一處環境溫度測點。測溫工具的選用:采用表盤式干式溫度計與水銀溫度計。測溫線布置:澆筑混凝土前,按照測溫點布置要求,從結構室外混凝土面預埋DN25熱鍍鋅鋼管至結構中部,與結構鋼筋焊接固定以防混凝土振搗時移位或脫落,管底固定一塊5cm5cm2mm的鉛板,防止射線透過,測溫時將傳感器帶測27、溫線穿入管中監控.待溫度監控工作結束后,鋼管內進行壓力灌漿。測溫制度:在混凝土升溫保持階段, 2-3h測溫一次,在溫度下降階段, 48小時測溫一次。(2)大體積混凝土保溫與養護在混凝土澆筑完成2小時后,拆除障礙的鋼管,用黑色塑料薄膜全面封閉,外圍用棉毯纏裹,然后再用黑色塑料薄膜全面封閉,并加強測溫。如外界和內部的溫差大于25時,再用以上方法重復處理.當混凝土內部與表面溫度之差不超過20,且混凝土表面與環境溫度之差也不超過10時,逐層拆除保溫層,當混凝土內部與環境溫度之差接近內部與表面溫差控制值時,則全部撤掉保溫層,再進行正常灑水養護至14d。3。2。3.8重晶石混凝土冬期施工操作要點重晶石混凝28、土施工期間位于2008年1月份,正值寒冷的冬季,冬期施工時,氣溫低,當氣溫降至0C以下時,水泥水化作用基本停止,必須采取措施確保重晶石混凝土的冬期施工質量。冬期施工配制混凝土用的水泥,應優先選用活性高、水化熱大的硅酸鹽水泥和普通硅酸鹽水泥.水泥的標號不應低425號,最少水泥用量不應少于300Kg/m3.拌制混凝土所采用的骨料保證清潔,不得含有冰雪凍結塊等其它宜凍裂物質,混凝土拌制采取加熱水法。嚴格控制混凝土的水灰比,水灰比不應大于0。6。混凝土不宜露天攪拌,攪拌站應搭設暖棚,優先選用大容量的攪拌機,以減少混凝土的熱量損失.攪拌前,用熱水或蒸汽沖洗攪拌機。混凝土的攪拌時間比常溫規定時間延長50%29、.經加熱后的材料投料順序為:先將水和沙石投入拌和,然后加入水泥。混凝土出機溫度不宜低于10C。混凝土在澆筑后3天為水化熱高峰期,溫度在70左右,時下最低氣溫接近0,需要減少溫差45。梁板重晶石混凝土澆筑完畢后,在其上面覆蓋一層塑料布和棉毯,必要時保溫層進行重復處理,其間應做好測溫記錄。下道工序開始前由混凝土施工班組組織撤離,集中堆放看管.4 質量控制為確保重晶石混凝土對射線防護的有效性,關鍵是保證混凝土成型密實、均勻,表觀密度和構件厚度符合設計要求;防護墻上預留孔洞、套管采用折線穿墻.4.1防輻射重晶石混凝土施工嚴格執行GB5016492混凝土質量控制標準、GB/T14902-2003預拌混凝30、土及該標準中引用的有關標準,混凝土質量評驗按GBJ8185及GBJ10787之有關要求評定。4.2鋼筋、模板等分項工程施工嚴格執行現行國家、行業標準及標準中引用的其他有關標準,并按各分項工程的驗收標準達到驗收合格。4。3按質量、環境與職業健康安全三位一體管理體系的要求進行全過程有效控制。執行標準:ISO9001:2000 idt GB/T19001-2000和ISO14001:1996 idt GB/T24001-1996及 GB/T280012001。并建立攪拌站生產作業和現場生產作業質量控制體系和制度。5 防輻射專項驗收5.1檢測防輻射結構重晶石砼的表觀密度和防護結構構件(防護墻、頂板)的31、厚度,要求符合勞動衛生職業病防治所針對每個建設項目所作的關于建設項目電離輻射職業病危害預評價報告的相關分析、評價及設計和驗收要求;同時在全套建筑施工資料齊全并具備土建驗收要求的基礎上,進行防輻射專項驗收.5.2在防輻射結構整體項目完成,并將原設計采用的輻射源項全部安裝到位后,采用專業檢測設備對建筑環境背景值進行檢測。檢測合格整體驗收后,出具相關專項驗收證明方可投入使用.5.3要遵守防輻射結構建設項目實施的相關專項驗收法律、法規、規章、標準和文件。6 附:模板及支架計算書(略)Now, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construct32、ion of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standard, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, n33、ot make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee people is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives.34、 Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly under the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office toward35、s the work a higher level. Investee 1. political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote coordinationDevelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the partys scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the36、 development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our partys ruling idea a leap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the partys important work. As the Office of party Committee, wor37、king party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation.38、 Your presentation is the main Office of products, is the basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report39、, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General led care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach po40、licy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Inve41、stigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committees policy decision a good idea, an important part of a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carried