1、ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022GLOBAL TRENDSTR AVEL&TOURISMAUGUST 2022ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022Julia Simpson,President&CEO,World Travel&Tourism Council“While government support has been instrumental throughout this crisis,the swift recovery of the sector will only be possible if leaders work together and provide cl

2、ear and consistent rules.Governments need to focus on co-existing with COVID-19 while enhancing preparedness for future crises,offering safe travel experiences,supporting equitable vaccine distribution and continuing to ease the conditions of entry to destinations.”10.3%333m 5.3%271m-62m-50.4%1/4THE

3、 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF GLOBAL TRAVEL&TOURISM20192020(2014-2019)Travel&Tourism GDP(percentage of global GDP)Jobs supported by Travel&Tourism Change in jobs(Year on year)Change in Travel&Tourism GDP(Year on year)1/10 of global employment1/12 of global employment-$4.9 trillion GDP lossJobs lostof all glob

4、al net new jobs were created by Travel&TourismFor more information,please contact:Nejc Jus,Head of Research,World Travel&Tourism CouncilNejc.JusWTTC.orgJulia Simpson President&CEO World Travel&Tourism CouncilWhile the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt across the entire Travel&Tourism eco

5、system,2021 saw the beginning of the recovery for the sector.For over 30 years,the World Travel&Tourism Council(WTTC)has been quantifying the economic impact of Travel&Tourism,highlighting the importance of the sector globally.The 2022 annual research which covers 185 countries/economies,and 26 regi

6、ons of the world,reveals the extent of the recovery in 2021.Prior to the pandemic,Travel&Tourism(including its direct,indirect,and induced impacts)was one of the worlds largest sectors,accounting for 1 in 4 of all new jobs created in the world,10.3%of all jobs(333 million),and 10.3%of global GDP(USD

7、 9.6 trillion).Meanwhile,international visitor spending amounted to USD 1.8 trillion in 2019(6.8%of total exports).Travel&Tourism enables socio-economic development,job creation and poverty reduction.This in turn drives prosperity and significant positive social impact,providing unique opportunities

8、 to women,minorities,and young people.The benefits of Travel&Tourism spread far beyond its direct impacts in terms of GDP and employment,with indirect gains extending through the entire travel ecosystem as well as the supply chain linkages to other sectors.The effect of COVID-19 emphasised the treme

9、ndous importance and positive contribution of Travel&Tourism.In 2020,62 million jobs were lost,leaving just 271 million employed across the sector globally.This 18.6%decrease was felt across the entire sector,with Small and Medium Sized Enterprises(SMEs)which make up around 80%of all global business

10、es in the sector being particularly affected alongside women,the young and minorities.Meanwhile,the sector suffered losses of almost USD 4.9 trillion,with its global contribution to GDP declining by 50.4%year-on-year,compared to a 3.3%decline of the global economy.While 2021 saw the beginning of the

11、 recovery for the global Travel&Tourism sector,this was slower than expected,due in part to the impact of the Omicron variant,stringent and inconsistent border restrictions and the lack of coordination among governments to tackle the pandemic.Travel&Tourisms contribution to GDP increased by USD 1 tr

12、illion(+21.7%rise)in 2021 to reach USD 5.8 trillion,while the sectors share of the whole economy increased from 5.3%in 2020 to 6.1%in 2021.Additionally,the sector saw the recovery of 18.2 million jobs,representing an increase of 6.7%.However,the future outlook is positive,and our sector is once agai

13、n showing its resilience and ability to bounce back.Despite the difficulties the sector has been facing,our projections point to a strong decade of growth.Travel&Tourism GDP is set to grow on average by 5.8%annually between 2022 and 2032,outpacing the growth of the overall economy(2.7%per year).Our

14、research shows that Travel&Tourism GDP could return to 2019 levels by the end of 2023.What is more,the sector is expected to create nearly 126 million new jobs within the next decade.While government support has been instrumental throughout this crisis,the swift recovery of the sector will only be p

15、ossible if leaders and public officials work together and provide clear and consistent rules.Governments need to focus on co-existing with COVID-19 while enhancing preparedness for future crises,offering safe travel experiences,supporting equitable vaccine distribution,and continuing to ease the con

16、ditions of entry to destinations.WTTC believes that the best policy and planning decisions are made with authoritative,reliable,and accessible data.That is why WTTC will continue to engage with governments and the private sector to disseminate information and provide data to enable leaders across th

17、e world to build a clear path to a sustainable and inclusive recovery of the sector.6.1%289m+18.2m+21.7%20211/11 of global employment+$1 trillion GDP gainJobs gained1 GLOBAL OVERVIEW 41.1 Travel&Tourism GDP 51.2 Travel&Tourism Employment 81.3 Forecast:2022-2032 92 REGIONAL HIGHLIGHTS 113 KEY THEMES

18、204 LEAGUE TABLES 26GLOSSARY 31CONTENTS1 GLOBAL OVERVIEWWorld Travel&Tourism Council5ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS Travel&Tourism GDP declined by 50.4%(USD 4,855 billion)in 2020 vs the overall economys decline of 3.3%Travel&Tourism GDP grew by 21.7%(USD 1,038 billion)in 2021 vs the overall econ

19、omys growth of 5.8%1.1 Travel&Tourism GDP10.3%5.3%6.1%201920202021 of global economy GDP(USD 9,630 billion)(USD 4,775 billion)(USD 5,812 billion)2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021T&T Employment(Thousands)Growth Rate in%T&T Employment(Thousands)T&

20、T GDP Growth(%)Economy GDP Growth(%)-3.3%5.8%21.7%210000230000250000270000290000310000330000350000-60%-50%-40%-30%-10%-20%0%10%20%30%-50.4%Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic,the growth rate of the global Travel&Tourism sector outpaced the growth of the global economy for nine consecutive years.After a d

21、evastating 50.4%fall in the contribution of the sector to the global economy,Travel&Tourism recovered by 21.7%in 2021 shown in Figure 1.In comparison,the global economy bounced back by 6.7%.Travel&Tourisms pace of recovery was slowed down by the spread of the Omicron variant in the second half of 20

22、21 which forced governments to reinstate restrictions on international travel.Figure 2 shows that the global Travel&Tourisms recovery was supported more by the rise in the spending by domestic visitors than revenues from international visitors.Travel&Tourism domestic spending recovered strongly by 3

23、1.4%globally whereas spending by international visitors recovered by only 3.8%as travel restrictions for foreign visitors remained in place across many countries.As a result,domestic spendings share of total Travel&Tourism spending increased from 72%in 2019 to 85%in 2021.Travel&Tourism business spen

24、ding and leisure spending grew at 30.9%and 25.1%respectively.Figure 1:Economic Impact Timeline,2000 2021World Travel&Tourism Council6ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS37.7%36.6%35.7%30.9%26.8%26.5%25.4%22.3%21.7%21.7%16.7%15.9%3.8%-4.5%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%South AsiaCaribbeanOther EuropeCentral Asi

25、aNorth AfricaLatin AmericaEuropean UnionNorth AmericaWorldSub-Saharan AfricaNortheast AsiaMiddle EastSoutheast AsiaOceaniaDomestic vs International SpendingYear on Year change:-47.4%Domestic:72%International:28%Share of T&T Spending Share of T&T Spending Domestic:85%International:15%Leisure:79%Busin

26、ess:21%Leisure:80%Business:20%202020212019+31.4%-69.7%+3.8%Leisure vs Business Spending5,0004,0003,0002,0001,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000-53.1%202020212019+25.1%-56.2%+30.9%Absolute Values(in USD Billions)Figure 3:Sub-regional Travel&Tourism GDP change,2021 vs 2020Figure 2:Sector CharacteristicsWorl

27、d Travel&Tourism Council7ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSPhilippinesBrazilJapanUKAustraliaArgentinaMexicoFranceIndiaUSAGermanyChinaCanadaRussiaKenyaPuerto RicoPeruMoroccoItalyNew ZealandSouth KoreaIndex(2019=100)IndonesiaEgyptGreeceIcelandPortugalCosta RicaSingaporeThailandUAEColombiaVietnamMalays

28、iaSaudi ArabiaTurkeySpainRwandaSouth Africa20%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Domestic share of total demand2021 Total T&T GDP(%of 2019 value)Figure 5:Total Travel&Tourism GDP(2021 relative to 2019)vs the domestic share of total demand(2019)Figure 4:G20 Countries:Select Travel&T

29、ourism IndicatorsA CLOSER LOOKLARGEST T&T ECONOMIES-2021 VS.2019 RANKINGSUnited StatesChinaGermanyJapanItalyIndiaFranceMexicoUnited KingdomSpainBrazilCanadaAustraliaRussiaTurkeySaudi ArabiaSouth KoreaArgentinaIndonesiaSouth Africa1234567891011121314151617181920T&T contribution to GDP(US$BN)2021T&T%o

30、f GDP 202122.0%16.9%5.0%22.9%58.5%43.6%40.6%23.6%40.3%52.5%21.7%24.4%-6.8%32.8%60.6%1.4%3.0%39.3%-10.3%8.4%T&T GDP change(%)2021T&T Spending Change 2021(%)5.5%4.6%6.4%4.2%9.1%5.8%6.5%13.1%5.7%8.5%6.4%4.4%4.7%3.7%7.3%6.5%2.7%7.0%2.4%3.2%94.8%97.0%89.6%99.3%83.8%94.5%70.0%86.4%96.2%59.5%96.0%85.5%98.0

31、%86.9%38.0%72.8%71.4%98.9%94.8%81.9%InternationalDomestic5.2%3.0%10.4%0.7%16.2%5.5%30.0%13.6%3.8%40.5%4.0%14.5%2.0%13.1%62.0%27.2%28.6%1.1%5.2%18.1%28.0%25.5%5.8%40.5%76.4%55.7%51.5%20.7%57.5%52.3%29.9%33.3%-1.8%48.3%37.4%26.7%23.6%55.8%7.3%47.2%InternationalDomestic1.4%-27.4%11.8%-90.8%19.8%-39.1%3

32、3.2%58.6%-48.8%70.1%-10.6%4.2%-82.2%12.6%104.4%-7.0%-23.3%-82.1%-81.1%-40.4%1,271.2814.3251.0206.3179.0178.0177.9168.8157.5113.1103.588.076.566.059.351.548.833.728.913.2Share of Total T&T Spending 2021*Spain is included here as it is invited to G20 events as a permanent guest.United StatesChinaGerma

33、nyJapanItalyIndiaFranceMexicoUnited KingdomSpainBrazilCanadaAustraliaNetherlandsRussiaTurkeySaudi ArabiaSouth KoreaPhilippinesArgentina1234567891011121314151617181920Total contribution to GDP 2021:(US$,real 2021 prices and exchange rates,billions)1,271.2814.3251.0206.3179.0178.0177.9168.8157.5113.11

34、03.588.076.576.366.059.351.548.841.033.7United StatesChinaGermanyJapanUnited KingdomFranceItalyIndiaMexicoSpainAustraliaCanadaBrazilThailandNetherlandsPhilippinesRussiaTurkeySaudi ArabiaSouth Korea1234567891011121314151617181920Total contribution to GDP 2019:(US$,real 2021 prices and exchange rates,

35、billions)1,979.11,856.6391.2371.1280.8233.3214.5212.8199.6198.3147.5126.1123.7108.1104.192.686.878.277.876.5TRAVEL&TOURISM:ECONOMIC IMPACT 20221WTTC Strategic Partners:Figure 5 provides information on the correlation between Travel&Tourisms performance in 2021(horizontal axis)and domestic share of t

36、otal Travel&Tourism demand in 2019(vertical axis).The performance of the sector in 2021 is measured against the 2019 level(which is indexed at 100).For example,the value of 64.2 on the X-axis for the USA implies that its Travel&Tourism in 2021 was 35.8%below the 2019-level.Overall,higher dependence

37、on domestic visitors in 2019 corresponded to a stronger Travel&Tourism recovery in 2021,as indicated by the upward sloping line.However,in some instances,countries with similar Travel&World Travel&Tourism Council8ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSFigure 6:Travel&Tourism Total Contribution to Jobs To

38、urism characteristics exhibited different levels of growth.For example,Thailand,Singapore,and Greece had high reliance on international visitors in 2019 but their recoveries in 2021 varied greatly.Thailands Travel&Tourism contribution to GDP was more than 70%below the 2019 level whereas the Greek se

39、ctor was only around 30%below the pre-pandemic level.This difference in the pace of recoveries highlights the impact of international travel restrictions,which were more restrictive in Asia-Pacific as governments took more stringent measures to control the surge of different variants.With lingering

40、travel restrictions that were often too complicated to understand completely,international travel remained muted and as such,resurgence in spending from domestic tourists emerged as the driving force behind the recovery around the world.1.2 Travel&Tourism Employment333mn271mn289mn201920202021(1 in 1

41、0 of all jobs)62mn jobs lost+18.2mn jobs (1 in 11 of all jobs)In 2019,Travel&Tourism supported 333 million jobs around the world,representing 1 in 10 of all jobs globally.Despite government retention schemes such as furloughs and others which supported employment,62 million jobs were lost in 2020 a

42、decline of 18.6%.As the contribution of the sector to the global economy increased by 21.7%in 2021,it was accompanied by a rise in the number of Travel&Tourism jobs from 271.3 million in 2020 to 289.5 million in 2021,an increase of 18.2 million jobs(6.7%rise).Consequently,the sector supported 1 in 1

43、1 jobs across the entire economy in 2021.The change in Travel&Tourisms contribution to jobs is slower than the change in contribution to GDP because jobs are less elastic and hence,are less volatile.This is because the process of laying off existing staff and onboarding new personnel takes time.Dome

44、stic vs International SpendingYear on Year change:-47.4%Domestic:72%International:28%Share of T&T Spending Share of T&T Spending Domestic:85%International:15%Leisure:79%Business:21%Leisure:80%Business:20%202020212019+31.4%-69.7%+3.8%Leisure vs Business Spending5,0004,0003,0002,0001,0005,0004,0003,00

45、02,0001,000-53.1%202020212019+25.1%-56.2%+30.9%Absolute Values(in USD Billions)T&T GDP Growth(%)%Share of Total Economy Jobs7.5%8%8.5%9%9.5%10%10.5%2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021World Travel&Tourism Council9ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSF

46、igure 7 compares the contribution of Travel&Tourism to GDP against the 2019 level.For instance,the sectors contribution to GDP in Europe was 47.1%below the pre-pandemic level in 2020,and the gap reduced to 32.3%below 2019s level in 2021,showing a strong rebound.It is estimated that the sectors perfo

47、rmance in Europe could surpass 2019s level in 2024 when Travel&Tourism contribution to the regions GDP could reach 4.1%above the pre-pandemic amount.Asia-Pacific is forecasted to be the first region to revert to the 2019 scenario(in 2023),while all the other regions are estimated to recover complete

48、ly in 2024.In 2022,as travellers confidence improves,the global Travel&Tourism sector is estimated to hasten its pace of recovery to 43.7%compared to 2021 and add a further 10 million jobs shown in Figure 8.The sector is likely to return to pre-pandemic levels around the end of 2023 and the prelimin

49、ary data for the first half of 2022 supports this forecast.Looking at a longer-term forecast,between 2022 and 2032,Travel&Tourisms contribution to the global economy is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.8%which is more than double the 2.7%average annual growth rate estimated for the gl

50、obal economy.In that same period,the sector is forecasted to generate 126 million additional jobs.Figure 9 shows that many of these new jobs will be concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region(64.8%)in general,and China(25.5%)and India(20.4%)in particular.126mn+5.8%+2.7%2022-2032 KEY FACTSNew jobsAverag

51、e Annual Growth(T&T GDP)Global Economy GDP average annual growth rateVs1.3 Forecast:2022-2032Figure 7:Travel&Tourism GDP for 2020-2025 Forecast(%below 2019 level)World Travel&Tourism Council10ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSWhile projections are positive overall,there are some downside risks to re

52、covery.This includes the negative impacts of the conflict in Ukraine,including supply chain disruptions and rising energy prices which have increased inflationary pressures,in turn reducing disposable incomes in important source markets.In addition,the effects of airspace restrictions and rising oil

53、 prices could feed into transport ticket prices,thereby making travel costlier.Moreover,staff shortages have been identified as one of the key challenges for Travel&Tourism on its path to recovery from COVID-19.More information on staff shortages can be found in the Key Themes section below.Figure 9

54、:Where will 126 million new jobs between 2022 and 2032 be created?THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAVEL&TOURISM IN 2021*Travel&Tourism in 2021Travel&Tourism Forecast Growth(2022-2032)6.1%+5.8%Travel&Tourism average annual growth(vs 2.7%global economy growth)289mnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwideUSD14.6t

55、nJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwide+21.7%Travel&Tourism GDP growth(Vs.5.8%global GDP growth)Of all new jobs created by Travel&TourismUSD5.8tn425mnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwide in 2032Where will the 126 million new jobs be created?Travel&Tourism total contribution to global GDPTr

56、avel&Tourism total contribution to global GDP in 2032or11.3%or THE WORLD TRAVEL&TOURISM COUNCIL 2022.The Voice of Travel&Tourism.Region Rank%of new T&T jobs Between 2022-20321Asia-Pacific64.8%2Africa11.8%3North America8.0%4Europe6.9%5Latin America4.7%6Middle East3.1%7Caribbean0.8%Country Rank%of new

57、 T&T jobs Between 2022-20321China25.5%2India20.4%3United States5.3%4Indonesia4.2%5Thailand2.8%6Philippines2.5%7Mexico2.3%8Others 37.0%*This data includes the direct,indirect,and induced impact of Travel&Tourism.Figures are in real 2021 prices and exchange rates.All data as of April 2022=126mn1 in 31

58、 in 11ChinaAfricaIndiaNorth AmericaEuropeLatin AmericaMiddle EastCaribbeanUnited StatesIndonesiaThailandPhilippinesMexicoOthersAsiaTHE IMPORTANCE OF TRAVEL&TOURISM IN 2021*Travel&Tourism in 2021Travel&Tourism Forecast Growth(2022-2032)6.1%+5.8%Travel&Tourism average annual growth(vs 2.7%global econo

59、my growth)289mnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwideUSD14.6tnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwide+21.7%Travel&Tourism GDP growth(Vs.5.8%global GDP growth)Of all new jobs created by Travel&TourismUSD5.8tn425mnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwide in 2032Where will the 126 million new

60、jobs be created?Travel&Tourism total contribution to global GDPTravel&Tourism total contribution to global GDP in 2032or11.3%or THE WORLD TRAVEL&TOURISM COUNCIL 2022.The Voice of Travel&Tourism.Region Rank%of new T&T jobs Between 2022-20321Asia-Pacifi c64.8%2Africa11.8%3North America8.0%4Europe6.9%5

61、Latin America4.7%6Middle East3.1%7Caribbean0.8%Country Rank%of new T&T jobs Between 2022-20321China25.5%2India20.4%3United States5.3%4Indonesia4.2%5Thailand2.8%6Philippines2.5%7Mexico2.3%8Others 37.0%*This data includes the direct,indirect,and induced impact of Travel&Tourism.Figures are in real 202

62、1 prices and exchange rates.All data as of April 2022=126mn1 in 31 in 11ChinaAfricaIndiaNorth AmericaEuropeLatin AmericaMiddle EastCaribbeanUnited StatesIndonesiaThailandPhilippinesMexicoOthersAsia-Pacifi cTHE IMPORTANCE OF TRAVEL&TOURISM IN 2021*Travel&Tourism in 2021Travel&Tourism Forecast Growth(

63、2022-2032)6.1%+5.8%Travel&Tourism average annual growth(vs 2.7%global economy growth)289mnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwideUSD14.6tnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwide+21.7%Travel&Tourism GDP growth(Vs.5.8%global GDP growth)Of all new jobs created by Travel&TourismUSD5.8tn425mnJobs s

64、upported by Travel&Tourism worldwide in 2032Where will the 126 million new jobs be created?Travel&Tourism total contribution to global GDPTravel&Tourism total contribution to global GDP in 2032or11.3%or THE WORLD TRAVEL&TOURISM COUNCIL 2022.The Voice of Travel&Tourism.Region Rank%of new T&T jobs Bet

65、ween 2022-20321Asia-Pacific64.8%2Africa11.8%3North America8.0%4Europe6.9%5Latin America4.7%6Middle East3.1%7Caribbean0.8%Country Rank%of new T&T jobs Between 2022-20321China25.5%2India20.4%3United States5.3%4Indonesia4.2%5Thailand2.8%6Philippines2.5%7Mexico2.3%8Others 37.0%*This data includes the di

66、rect,indirect,and induced impact of Travel&Tourism.Figures are in real 2021 prices and exchange rates.All data as of April 2022=126mn1 in 31 in 11ChinaAfricaIndiaNorth AmericaEuropeLatin AmericaMiddle EastCaribbeanUnited StatesIndonesiaThailandPhilippinesMexicoOthersAsiaTHE IMPORTANCE OF TRAVEL&TOUR

67、ISM IN 2021*Travel&Tourism in 2021Travel&Tourism Forecast Growth(2022-2032)6.1%+5.8%Travel&Tourism average annual growth(vs 2.7%global economy growth)289mnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwideUSD14.6tnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwide+21.7%Travel&Tourism GDP growth(Vs.5.8%global GDP gr

68、owth)Of all new jobs created by Travel&TourismUSD5.8tn425mnJobs supported by Travel&Tourism worldwide in 2032Where will the 126 million new jobs be created?Travel&Tourism total contribution to global GDPTravel&Tourism total contribution to global GDP in 2032or11.3%or THE WORLD TRAVEL&TOURISM COUNCIL

69、 2022.The Voice of Travel&Tourism.Region Rank%of new T&T jobs Between 2022-20321Asia-Pacific64.8%2Africa11.8%3North America8.0%4Europe6.9%5Latin America4.7%6Middle East3.1%7Caribbean0.8%Country Rank%of new T&T jobs Between 2022-20321China25.5%2India20.4%3United States5.3%4Indonesia4.2%5Thailand2.8%6

70、Philippines2.5%7Mexico2.3%8Others 37.0%ChinaIndiaUnited StatesIndonesiaThailandPhilippinesMexicoOthersFigure 8:Travel&Tourism Forecast(2022 2032)T&T Employment(Thousands)Growth Rate in%T&T GDP Growth(%)Economy GDP Growth(%)250,000 270,000 290,000 310,000 330,000 350,000 370,000 390,000 410,000 430,0

71、00 450,000-20%-15%-10%-5%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%20192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032T&T Employment(Thousands)43.7%-50.4%Compound Annual Growth Rate(2022-2032)=5.8%2REGIONAL HIGHLIGHTS2.1 Regional MapsFigure 10:Regional Overview,2019Figure 10 provides an overview of Travel&Tourism acr

72、oss key regions in 2019.It shows that the Caribbean was the most reliant region on Travel&Tourism,as the sector contributed to almost 14%of the overall economic output and 15.2%of all jobs.Figure 11 encapsulates the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying travel restrictions

73、 on the sector in 2020.In terms of total contribution to overall economy GDP,Asia-Pacific Travel&Tourism experienced the sharpest decline of 58.8%,followed by the Caribbean at 53.2%.In terms of total jobs supported by Travel&Tourism,North America witnessed the steepest fall at 34.7%.Figure 12,on the

74、 other hand,captures the beginning of recovery of the sector in 2021.The Caribbean had the strongest recovery for Travel&Tourisms contribution to GDP and jobs,while the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions had the weakest recovery for the sectors contribution to GDP.Figure 11:Regional Overview,2020F

75、igure 12:Regional Overview,2021World Travel&Tourism Council14ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS2.2 THE AMERICAS45.3mn jobs31.9mn jobs34.6mn jobs-45.5%+23.1%USD2,654bn USD1,447bn USD1,781bn Travel&Tourism contribution to GDP:Contribution to employment:201920192020202120202021After a dramatic fall of

76、45.5%in 2020,the contribution of Travel&Tourism to GDP in the Americas recovered by 23.1%in 2021,faster than the global average increase of 21.7%.In absolute terms,Travel&Tourisms contribution to GDP increased from USD 1,447 billion in 2020 to USD 1,781 billion in 2021.As a result,the share of Trave

77、l&Tourism GDP in the total economy increased marginally from 5%in 2020 to 5.9%in 2021.Such relatively strong recovery has helped the Americas to retain its position as the region with the largest Travel&Tourism contribution to GDP.Travel&Tourism also added 2.7 million new jobs in the region in 2021,

78、with the number of people employed in the sector increasing by 8.6%to reach 34.6 million.As a result,1 in 12 of all jobs were supported by the Travel&Tourism sector.Despite the strong recovery,Travel&Tourism contribution to GDP in 2021 was 33%behind the pre-pandemic levels.At a sub-regional level,th

79、e Caribbean Travel&Tourisms rate of recovery(36.6%)was stronger than that of Latin America(26.5%)and North America(22.3%).This could,in part,be attributed to the larger decline of Travel&Tourisms contribution to GDP in the Caribbean in 2020 than in the other regions1.With a 22%rate of recovery,the U

80、S retained its position as having the worlds largest Travel&Tourism sector as it contributed USD 1.27 trillion to the US economy.Meanwhile,the sectors contribution represented 13.1%of the total GDP in Mexico the largest share amongst the G20 countries.The fastest rates of recovery were witnessed in

81、St Lucia,Bahamas,and Colombia;the sector in these countries rallied by 92.6%,88.9%,and 83.8%respectively.The recovery of Travel&Tourism in the Americas was supported more so by a rebound in revenues from domestic travellers rather than international travellers,as the former increased by 28.8%whilst

82、the latter grew by 15.1%.1.Refer to WTTCs latest report on the Caribbean region.WTTC,2022:Travel&Tourism in the Caribbean,Prospects for Growth:https:/wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2022/Travel-and-tourism-in-the-caribbean.pdfWorld Travel&Tourism Council15ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSForec

83、ast:2022-2032It is estimated that in 2022,the sector could grow at an even faster rate of 36.1%and it is expected to return to the 2019 levels by the end of 2023(2023 as a whole will be only 1%below the 2019 level).Between 2022 and 2032,the sectors contribution to GDP is forecasted to grow at an ann

84、ual average rate of 3.9%-outpacing the 2%forecasted average annual growth for the regional economy.Travel&Tourism is also anticipated to create around 16 million new jobs in the region by 2032.Figure 13:Top 10 Caribbean economies in terms of Travel&Tourisms relative contribution to GDP in 2019 and 2

85、021Country/Economy Rank 2021 T&T GDP%Share1Antigua and Barbuda61.0%2Aruba59.6%3St Lucia48.6%4Bahamas26.9%5US Virgin Islands25.3%6Anguilla21.0%7Jamaica18.6%8Barbados14.4%9Grenada14.2%10St Vincent and the Grenadines13.5%Country/Economy Rank 2019 T&T GDP Share 1Antigua and Barbuda83.3%2Aruba67.9%3St Lu

86、cia59.8%4Anguilla48.7%5British Virgin Islands44.4%6St Kitts and Nevis43.6%7Grenada43.6%8Bahamas42.5%9St Vincent and the Grenadines40.5%10Barbados29.5%World Travel&Tourism Council16ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS2.3 AFRICA25.5mn jobs19.7mn jobs21.3mn jobs-47.1%+23.5%USD182bn USD97bn USD119bn Trave

87、l&Tourism contribution to GDP:Contribution to employment:201920192020202120202021In 2021,Travel&Tourism in Africa started recovering from the devastating impact of the pandemic as its contribution to the regions total economy grew by 23.5%,increasing from US$97 billion in 2020 to US$119 billion in 2

88、021.This rate of recovery was faster than that of both the regions economy(5.8%)and the worlds Travel&Tourism sector(21.7%).Such growth resulted in an improvement in Travel&Tourisms share of economy GDP,which increased from 3.8%in 2020 to 4.4%in 2021.The growth was faster in North Africa(26.8%)than

89、in Sub-Saharan Africa(21.7%).The number of jobs supported by the sector also increased in conjunction with the rebound of the sectors contribution to GDP.In 2020,5.8 million Travel&Tourism jobs were lost due to COVID-19-related travel restrictions.In 2021,Travel&Tourism jobs in the region increased

90、by 8.2%supporting 21.3 million jobs.The growth rate of spending by domestic travellers outpaced that of international travellers(39.4%vs 11.3%)and therefore,the share of international spending in the total internal Travel&Tourism spending for the region declined from 44%in 2019 to 28%in 2021.The con

91、trast between the rebound in spendings by domestic travellers and by international travellers was quite stark in South Africa because the country was subjected to travel bans and quarantine requirements by other nations following the identification of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 in November.Whil

92、e revenues from domestic visitors increased by 47.2%,revenues from international visitors fell by 40.4%,and this resulted in a muted 8.4%recovery of the countrys Travel&Tourism.However,the sectors rejuvenation is estimated to gather pace with an estimated growth of 37.2%in 2022.Over the next decade,

93、it is forecasted to grow at an average annual rate of 7.6%-outstripping the national economys estimated growth rate by 5.7 percentage points.Egypt,which has the largest Travel&Tourism sector in Africa,recorded a strong year-on-year recovery of 29.3%assisted by a 28.8%rebound in the number of interna

94、tional arrivals which increased the revenues from foreign travellers by 36.4%.In 2021,France was the biggest source market for the region,accounting for 8%of all inbound arrivals,while it was also the main non-African destination for travellers from the region.Forecast:2022-2032The growth of Travel&

95、Tourisms contribution to GDP is expected to slow down to 20.5%in 2022 and it is forecasted to return to 2019 levels in 2024.In the next decade,the sector is estimated to grow at an average annual rate of 6.8%,which is higher than the 3.3%estimated growth for the entire regional economy.It is also ex

96、pected to create 14 million new jobs in the region by 2032.World Travel&Tourism Council17ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS2.4 ASIA-PACIFIC184.7mn jobs149.9mn jobs159.2mn jobs-58.8%+16%USD3,294bn USD1,359bn USD1,576bn Travel&Tourism contribution to GDP:Contribution to employment:20192019202020212020

97、2021With just 16%year-on-year growth in Travel&Tourism GDP,the Asia-Pacific region had a slower recovery in 2021.Due to the stringent travel restrictions in the region,the sectors contribution to the total economy remained 52.2%below pre-pandemic levels.The comparatively slower rate of recovery was

98、driven entirely by a 30.6%increase in spending by domestic travellers.Countries in the region remained closed or restricted to international tourists.Consequently,international traveller spending dropped by a further 44.4%in 2021 following the drastic 77.9%drop in the previous year.This reduced the

99、share of international visitor spending from 26%in 2019 to 7%in 2021.For example,in China and India,where the sector supports the greatest number of jobs in the world,the recovery was dampened by a further fall in spending by international visitors.Total contribution of Travel&Tourism to the nationa

100、l economic output rebounded by 16.9%in China whereas India witnessed a much stronger growth of 43.6%.Similarly,the contribution of the sector in the Philippines grew at the fourth fastest rate in the world(129.5%)and it was driven purely by a 183.8%increase in revenues from domestic travellers.The r

101、ecovery would have been stronger if the sector hadnt been hampered by a 69.1%contraction in spending by international visitors.The number of jobs supported by Travel&Tourism in the region increased by 6.2%in 2021 to 159.2 million jobs,but it remained 13.8%below the 2019 level of 184.7 million jobs.I

102、n 2022,Travel&Tourisms contribution to the overall economy is forecasted to grow by 71%to reach nearly US$2.7 trillion supported by the return of international visitors and continued revitalisation of domestic spending as governments in the region rescind pandemic-related restrictions on travel.Mala

103、ysia,Japan,and Australia are some of the countries that are anticipated to experience a large resurgence in the arrivals of international visitors.As such,the sector is estimated to return to the 2019 level by the end of 2023.However,that could be jeopardised if large source markets such as China an

104、d Japan continue to impose restrictions to international travel.Forecast:2022-2032In the longer term,i.e.,over the 2022 to 2032 period,Travel&Tourism GDP is forecasted to grow at an average annual rate of 8.5%compared to the 4%growth rate for the regional economy.This forecast is also higher than th

105、e 5.8%growth rate for the entire global Travel&Tourism sector.During the same time,the sector is estimated to create 76.9 million new jobs which would constitute 64.8%of all new Travel&Tourism related jobs globally.World Travel&Tourism Council18ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS2.5 EUROPE37.8mn jobs

106、33.1mn jobs34.7mn jobs-47.1%+28%USD2,141bn USD1,133bn USD1,450bn Travel&Tourism contribution to GDP:Contribution to employment:201920192020202120202021Before COVID-19,the share of Travel&Tourisms contribution to Europes economy was 9.2%.In 2020,following a 47.1%decline in the sectors revenues,this s

107、hare dropped to 5.2%.The year 2021 signalled the beginning of recovery for the regions Travel&Tourism as its contribution to the economy rebounded by 28%the fastest rate of recovery amongst all major regions2.This strong growth was supported by a 23.9%rise in international visitor spending and a 34.

108、2%rally in revenues from domestic tourists.In terms of employment,the sector supported 34.7 million European jobs in 2021,which represents 9.1%of all jobs in the economy and an increase of 1.6 million jobs compared to 2020.European countries such as Greece,Turkey,Italy and Spain experienced a strong

109、 bounce back in the contribution of Travel&Tourism to their overall economies.They recovered by 74.9%,60.6%,58.5%and 52.5%respectively.For Greece,Turkey,and Spain,the growth was driven mostly by the return of international visitors as the governments in these countries minimised travel restrictions

110、on inbound arrivals.In the case of Italy,however,the growth was propelled by a 76.4%rise in spending from domestic visitors.The United Kingdom,which had the ninth largest total Travel&Travel contribution to the economy globally in 2021,achieved a 40.3%growth rate,outpacing that of its overall econom

111、y and of the European Travel&Tourism sector.This growth was supported completely by a 57.5%increase in revenues from domestic visitors.The rebound would have been stronger if the continued travel restrictions around the world and the proliferation of the Omicron variant had not dampened demand for t

112、ravel.For instance,in 2019,the UKs two largest source markets were the USA and France,with 4 million and 3 million visitors arriving from these countries respectively.In 2020,inbound arrivals from the USA fell by 78%and the number of visitors from France declined by 69%.These figures contracted by a

113、 further 58%and 67%respectively in 2021 which hampered the recovery of the UKs Travel&Tourism.Forecast:2022-2032In 2022,the regions Travel&Tourism sector is estimated to expedite its pace of recovery to 31.4%and nearly reach its pre-pandemic level by the end of 2023.Between 2022 and 2032,the sector

114、is forecasted to grow at an average annual rate of 3.3%outpacing the 1.5%growth estimated for the regional economy.By the end of 2032,the sector is also estimated to create nearly 8 million new jobs compared to 2022.2.Five main regions are Asia-Pacific,Americas,Africa,Middle East,and EuropeWorld Tra

115、vel&Tourism Council19ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS2.6 MIDDLE EAST6.9mn jobs5.2mn jobs5.6mn jobs-49.8%+15.9%USD324bn USD163bn USD189bn Travel&Tourism contribution to GDP:Contribution to employment:201920192020202120202021The Middle Easts Travel&Tourism sector experienced the slowest recovery in

116、2021 amongst all global regions.After a fall of almost 50%in the sectors contribution to GDP in 2020,it rebounded by 15.9%compared to the global average of 21.7%.As a result,Travel&Tourism GDP at US$189 billion was 41.8%below the 2019 level.Furthermore,prior to the pandemic,the proportion of spendin

117、g from international visitors was higher than spending from domestic visitors.However,a 68.9%fall in international visitor spending in 2020 and a modest 4.1%rise in 2021 reduced its share to 39%.The sectors contribution to employment increased by 390,000 to reach 5.6 million jobs in 2021,accounting

118、for 7.3%of all the jobs in the region.Investment in the sector is important for improving the prospects for future growth.Investment in Travel&Tourism accounted for 7.4%of total capital investment in the regions economy;only the Caribbean saw a higher share.Among all the 185 countries in the analysi

119、s,Saudi Arabia had the third largest investment in the sector with USD 36.8 billion injected into Travel&Tourism.Travel&Tourism in the United Arab Emirates recovered by 41.1%in 2021 which was the third fastest growth in the region.The strong rebound was supported by a 48.8%increase in revenues from

120、international visitors.The re-scheduled Expo 2020,and international cricket events such as the Indian Premier League and the ICC T20 Cricket World Cup were factors in the boost to the number of inbound arrivals from 11.3 million in 2020 to 12.9 million in 2021.India was the most important non-Middle

121、 East source market,accounting for 9%of all inbound arrivals to the region in 2021.Forecast:2022-2032In 2022,Travel&Tourisms GDP growth is expected to more than double to 36.1%,supported mainly by the estimated 80%increase in spending from international visitors.The upcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 whic

122、h is being hosted by Qatar is anticipated to attract a significant number of international visitors into the region.The sectors GDP is forecasted to return to 2019 levels in 2024.Between 2022 and 2032,the sectors contribution to the regional economy is estimated to grow at an average rate of 7.7%ann

123、ually compared to an estimated 2.5%growth for the entire regional economic output.Saudi Arabia is estimated to have the fastest average annual growth in the region in the next decade,at 11%.By the end of 2032,Travel&Tourism is also forecasted to create 3.6 million new jobs compared to 2022.3KEY THEM

124、ESThis section of the report identifies a selection of the latest developments,key themes,and challenges for the Travel&Tourism sector.This includes travel&mobility action,the importance of building back better in a sustainable and inclusive way,emerging consumer trends,staff shortages and the retur

125、n of business travel.However,it is important to note that one of the biggest roadblocks to recovery has been the patchwork of restrictions,inconsistency,and lack of coordination amongst governments which took a hit on consumer confidence.World Travel&Tourism Council21ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TREN

126、DS3.1 Travel and Mobility ActionIn response to the significant challenges presented by COVID-19 and the acceleration of digital technologies,WTTC focussed its Travel and Mobility activities on developing Digital Solutions for the Safe Revival of International Travel,publishing two reports,with recom

127、mendations and best practice advice for governments.Interoperability of Digital Health Passes The emergence of many countries requiring travellers to demonstrate either proof of vaccination or a negative test result for travel,presented very significant challenges for the Travel&Tourism sector.Many

128、vaccine and test certificates were on paper and there was no global standard for the information they contained,making them almost impossible to verify as genuine and requiring a new inspection process in the existing traveller journey.WTTC therefore developed guidance for the adoption of Digital He

129、alth Passes that were interoperable around the world and scalable as traveller volumes increased.This included a near term recommendation that could be implemented immediately and proposed that countries adopt one of the four internationally supported solutions for Digital Health Passes.This would s

130、ubstantially reduce the global complexity of certificate types and enable all COVID-19 certificates to be electronically verifiable as genuine as all four solutions followed the same digital security architecture.In the mid-to-longer term,WTTC recommended the world should define a single global stan

131、dard for testing and vaccination certificates for all diseases through international harmonisation and global agreement.Implementing a Digital Travel PortalWTTC also addressed what should be the most efficient and effective way for a travellers Digital COVID Certificate of their vaccination or test

132、status(or both)to be inspected by a destination country.It proposed that each country should implement a national Digital Travel Portal.These online portals would allow countries to articulate their health entry requirements in a single location and enable travellers to easily share their Digital CO

133、VID Certificates with a destination government for inspection before their journey.This important innovation enables travellers and governments to complete all traveller health checks pre-travel and off-airport.This means a traveller does not need to show any COVID-19 paperwork on departure or arriv

134、al as their COVID-19 status has been pre-cleared.Moreover,Digital Travel Portals can provide more than just a secure and efficient solution for COVID-19.WTTC also recommends that Digital Travel Portals can be integrated with other government services,such as visa applications,to provide a simple and

135、 convenient,digital one-stop-shop solution for all traveller processing.For more information on our Travel and Mobility work,please visit the WTTC website at:https:/research.wttc.org/digital-solutions-for-reviving-international-travel.World Travel&Tourism Council22ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS3

136、.2 Building Back Better:Sustainably&Inclusively2021 saw the world focus its spotlight on the climate crisis,with COP26 in Glasgow pitched as a last-chance saloon for the world to start a comprehensive transition towards a net zero future.In this context,and on the back of a widespread call from its

137、Members,WTTC launched the first ever sector-wide Net Zero Roadmap for Travel&Tourism at the global event.The Roadmap was developed jointly with the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)and Accenture and was endorsed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC).To lay out

138、 a meaningful path towards net zero by 2050,it included interviews with over 100 businesses and industry bodies,as well as research into the climate action of over 250 businesses.While the Roadmap was primarily focused on businesses,WTTC also worked with ICF to address the critical and related theme

139、 of destination resilience,providing practical,structured inspiration to destinations as they think about resilience and sustainability,drawing on a wide range of case studies covering economic,social,environmental,water&energy and infrastructure resilience measures.To download our Net Zero Roadmap

140、For Travel&Tourism report,please visit the WTTC website at:https:/action.wttc.org/climate-environment In addition to guidance and reports,WTTC has also worked on a number of initiatives,chief among them the Hotel Sustainability Basics,launched at WTTCs Global Summit in Manila,Philippines.The initiat

141、ive emerged due to a clear demand from a significant group of global hotel brands to develop sustainability criteria,by the industry for the industry,which will encourage all businesses in hospitality to begin their sustainability journeys,especially those struggling to take the first step.The resul

142、t is a set of 12 fundamental,globally aligned,pre-competitive sustainability criteria that all hotels can and should implement as a bare minimum,and that serve as a stepping-stone to more complex schemes.To develop these criteria,WTTC brought on board industry expertise with Greenview,and carried ou

143、t extensive consultations,including WTTCs hotel members,the 11 global hotel brands that initiated the demand for the project,the 17 hotels that make up the Sustainable Hospitality Alliance(SHA),B,and relevant industry bodies such as the Global Sustainable Tourism Council(GSTC)and Travalyst.WTTC is n

144、ow working to develop a third-party verification scheme for hotels that are seeking validation,due to be launched later in 2022.It also calls on hotel operators,owners,associations,and investors to officially support the initiative and work across their networks to implement the criteria to ensure a

145、 sustainable transition for the global hotel industry.For more on our Hotel Sustainability Basics initiative,please visit the WTTC website at:https:/action.wttc.org/hotel-sustainability-basicsWorld Travel&Tourism Council23ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS3.3 Staff Shortages Key Issue for the Sector

146、Countries across the world have been hard-hit by the pandemic,with 2020 and the first half of 2021 being characterised by extended periods of lockdowns and severe travel restrictions.While 62 million Travel&Tourism jobs were lost in 2020,the proactive action of some governments around the world has

147、effectively enabled the sector to save millions of jobs and livelihoods at risk through retention schemes.Staff shortages has been identified as one of the key issues for Travel&Tourism on its path to recovery from COVID-19;hence the critical need to address this issue.As demand for travel and jobs

148、starts to rise,a sufficient labour force is required to fill the available vacancies and enable the sector to recover.A combination of factors such as workers calling in sick from COVID-19,the sluggish pace of rehiring displaced workers,and the movement of workers to other sectors has resulted in a

149、disequilibrium between the demand for,and supply of,labour.Another key contributing factor is that travel restrictions during the pandemic have led to a fall in the number of migrant workers who are vital to the sector.As a result,Travel&Tourism businesses are struggling to fill available job vacanc

150、ies.WTTCs analysis of staff shortages,in collaboration with Oxford Economics,has identified significant staff shortages in all countries analysed.While staff shortages in 2021 were concentrated in the accommodation and hospitality segments of the sector,in 2022 the lack of labour is anticipated to s

151、pread to the transportation segment.To ensure that shortages do not remain an issue in the longer term,it will be important for businesses and governments alike to implement and sustain policies that facilitate labour mobility,facilitate flexible and remote work,enable decent work and provide social

152、 safety nets,upskill and reskill the workforce,promote education and apprenticeships,and strengthen collaboration at all levels,whilst leveraging technological and digital solutions.Read more on our analysis of staff shortages here.World Travel&Tourism Council24ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS3.4

153、Emerging Consumer TrendsCOVID-19 has altered the way we live,work and travel,and shifted traveller requirements,expectations,and preferences in the process.It is in this context that T Group and WTTC partnered to explore the trends shaping the recovery.The jointly produced report looked at which tre

154、nds may be short-lived and which ones may linger in the long term,while also sharing some of the ways stakeholders have responded.In 2021,booking trends showcased a domestic rediscovery,with ongoing restrictions compelling consumers in search of travel experiences to explore within the borders of th

155、e destinations they call home.The concept of a staycation has taken on new meaning in this era,as consumers create workcations and increasingly stay longer in destinations,given the normalisation of remote work.While continued restrictions have limited international travel,wanderlust remains.Althoug

156、h domestic travel has been a key factor in the recovery to date and remains essential,the full recovery of the global economy will require the full return of international travel.Following a period of lockdowns and isolation,travellers are showing a preference to travel to less crowded and even unfa

157、miliar destinations.Indeed,there has been increased interest in exploring secondary destinations and nature.During this period,travellers have become more committed to sustainability,which in turn is affecting their travel choices.The lockdowns have also shone a brighter light on wellness and overal

158、l health,driving more consumers to seek out further wellness experiences.From domestic travel leading the recovery and younger generations being the first to travel again,to an increased demand for longer stays,fee-free cancellations,and enhanced health&hygiene measures,consumers have made their pre

159、ferences clear,through bookings,enquiries and surveys.Read more on our emerging consumer trends here.World Travel&Tourism Council25ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS3.5 Return of Business TravelBusiness travel is a catalyst for growth as it is integral to the relationships,investments,supply chains

160、and logistics that support international trade flows.In countries with developing economies,business travel often plays the leading role in the growth of the wider Travel&Tourism sector,creating the infrastructure and jobs needed for transportation,accommodation,and other services that leisure trave

161、llers and the wider economy can capitalise on in due course.In 2019,nearly US$1.3 trillion was spent on business travel around the world;21%of total Travel&Tourism spending.Business travel was disproportionately affected by COVID-19,with spending declining by 56.2%in 2020.Despite the challenges of t

162、he past two years,the sector is adapting and recovering.2021 saw the beginning of recovery for the segment with growth reaching 30.9%compared with 2020.With projections pointing to a further growth of 41.1%this year and average annual growth of 5.5%between 2022 and 2032,business travel will remain a

163、n important part of the travel ecosystem.Indeed,the value of face-to-face meetings cannot be underestimated and they will never be completely replaced by online meetings.Moreover,MICE tourism has the potential to bring large quantities of high spending visitors to a destination,thereby significantly

164、 increasing tourism revenues.It can also extend the tourism season whilst helping to synergise ideas and increase business sales.In addition,the surge in workation holidays enabled by remote and flexible working offers new opportunities to travel providers and destinations.However,it is important to

165、 note that recovery will likely vary by travel segment,business sector,and country.Business travel may return faster in Asia-Pacific than in many European and American markets,with recovery possibly taking place in phases depending on dominant industry sectors.Given spending patterns over the past y

166、ears,industries such as manufacturing,pharmaceuticals and construction are early adopters of a return to business travel.Given that business travel is vital for many sectors of the global economy,it is important that all stakeholders join forces to find solutions to aid its recovery.World Travel&Tou

167、rism Council26ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS4 LEAGUE TABLES*WTTC assesses the economic impact of Travel&Tourism across 185 countries and economies,in terms of the major indicators of GDP contribution,employment,visitor exports,domestic visitor spending and capital investment.The following league

168、 tables highlight a selection of results from the latest data,showing the countries which are performing the best.*For the following tables,all absolute values are in constant 2021 prices&exchange rates.As reported in April 2022World Travel&Tourism Council27ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS4.1 Trav

169、el&Tourism Total Contribution to GDP,2019 and 20214.2 Travel&Tourism GDP Growth,20212021 Rank USD bn1United States1,271.22China814.33Germany251.04Japan206.35Italy179.06India178.07France177.98Mexico168.89United Kingdom157.510Spain113.111Brazil103.512Canada88.013Australia76.514Netherlands76.315Russia6

170、6.016Turkey59.317Saudi Arabia51.518South Korea48.819Iran48.120Switzerland44.52021 Rank Growth(in%)1Montenegro260.1%2Cyprus166.9%3Libya133.7%4Philippines129.5%5Mali106.9%6Georgia102.0%7St Lucia92.6%8Bahamas88.9%9Colombia83.8%10Sudan81.8%11Albania81.1%12Armenia78.4%13Greece74.9%14Dominican Republic72.

171、4%15Uganda63.8%16Turkey60.6%17El Salvador60.4%18Bermuda60.2%19Italy58.5%20US Virgin Islands55.8%2019 Rank USD bn 1United States1,979.12China1,856.63Germany391.24Japan371.15United Kingdom280.86France233.37Italy214.58India212.89Mexico199.610Spain198.311Australia147.512Canada126.113Brazil123.714Thailan

172、d108.115Netherlands104.116Philippines92.617Russia86.818Turkey78.219Saudi Arabia77.820South Korea76.5World Travel&Tourism Council28ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS4.4 Travel&Tourism Employment,2019 and 20214.3 Travel&Tourism Relative Contribution to GDP,2019 and 20212021 Rank Share(%)1Antigua and B

173、arbuda61.02Aruba59.63St Lucia48.64Macau47.25Maldives44.66Bahamas28.17Seychelles27.08Montenegro25.59US Virgin Islands25.310Belize23.411Anguilla21.012Jamaica18.613Other Oceania18.114Albania17.415Croatia16.116Greece14.917Barbados14.418Grenada14.219Iceland13.620St Vincent and the Grenadines13.52021 Rank

174、(Thousands)1China73,3142India32,1053Indonesia10,9474United States10,4985Philippines7,8206Thailand6,8657Brazil6,4048Mexico6,0269Japan5,50310Germany5,09911United Kingdom4,10812Viet Nam3,89913Russia3,76814Pakistan3,33915Italy2,64116France2,59917Spain2,50818Nigeria2,43319Turkey2,42420Egypt2,1622019 Rank

175、 Share(%)1Macau,SAR China85.12Antigua and Barbuda83.33Aruba67.94St Lucia59.85Maldives53.56Anguilla48.77British Virgin Islands44.48St Kitts and Nevis43.69Grenada43.610Bahamas42.511Seychelles42.312St Vincent and the Grenadines40.513Cape Verde37.814Belize37.615Vanuatu32.716Fiji31.317Montenegro30.818Bar

176、bados29.519Jamaica29.120US Virgin Islands28.72019 Rank(Thousands)1China82,2402India40,1043United States16,8044Indonesia12,3765Philippines9,5056Thailand8,1927Brazil7,6708Mexico7,0269Germany5,87610Japan5,79811Viet Nam4,90312United Kingdom4,28213Russia4,02514Pakistan3,88815Nigeria3,35516Italy2,85117Spa

177、in2,84318France2,68119Turkey2,59220Egypt2,421World Travel&Tourism Council29ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS2021 Rank USD bn1United States731.52China458.73Germany212.24India151.15Japan134.26Mexico130.47United Kingdom118.28Italy117.99France102.610Brazil69.411Canada55.012Netherlands54.513Spain50.014A

178、ustralia45.115Russia39.616Iran33.317Philippines32.818Switzerland27.619Argentina25.020South Korea23.52019 Rank USD bn 1United States1,085.52China931.83Germany321.34Japan214.45United Kingdom186.56India155.87Mexico149.68France128.49Italy116.810Brazil80.911Australia73.412Spain66.913Canada66.614Philippin

179、es66.315Netherlands64.716Russia44.117Iran37.118Argentina30.019South Korea28.320Switzerland28.24.5 Domestic Visitor Spending,2019 and 20214.6 Visitor Exports(International Visitor Spending),2019 and 20212021 Rank USD bn1France43.92United States40.33Spain34.04Turkey28.15Germany24.66Italy22.97Mexico20.

180、48United Arab Emirates18.49Greece14.410Qatar14.311China14.112Portugal12.813Netherlands12.414Austria10.915Switzerland10.416Macau,SAR China10.317South Korea9.418Canada9.319Poland9.020India8.82019 Rank USD bn 1United States190.92China147.43Spain88.24France66.35Thailand62.66Germany52.67Italy50.78Japan47

181、.39United Kingdom43.610United Arab Emirates40.711Lebanon40.312Turkey38.713Macau,SAR China35.614Hong Kong,SAR China35.615India34.316Saudi Arabia29.917Canada29.518Singapore28.119Mexico27.120South Korea26.7World Travel&Tourism Council30ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSEconomy Rank T&T Total Contributi

182、on to GDP(US$bn):2022-2032 CAGR1Vanuatu28.4%2Tonga19.4%3Solomon Islands18.2%4Myanmar16.9%5Fiji16.6%6Anguilla15.4%7Ukraine14.6%8Mongolia14.4%9Madagascar13.4%10Cambodia13.2%2032 RankT&T Total Contribution to GDP(USD bn)1China 3,915.0 2United States 2,663.7 3India 457.1 4Germany 434.2 5Japan 425.3 6Uni

183、ted Kingdom 343.4 7France 290.2 8Mexico 260.2 9Italy 249.5 10Spain 245.8 4.7 Travel&Tourism ForecastWorld Travel&Tourism Council31ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSGLOSSARYKEY DEFINITIONSTRAVEL&TOURISMRelates to the activity of travellers on trips outside their usual environment with a duration of l

184、ess than one year.Economic activity related to all aspects of such trips is measured within the research.DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO GDPGDP generated by industries that deal directly with tourists,including hotels,travel agents,airlines and other passenger transport services,as well as the activities of

185、restaurant and leisure industries that deal directly with tourists.It is equivalent to total internal Travel&Tourism spending(see below)within a country less the purchases made by those industries(including imports).In terms of the UNs Tourism Satellite Account methodology it is consistent with tota

186、l GDP calculated in table 6 of the TSA:RMF 2008.DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENTThe number of direct jobs within Travel&Tourism.This is consistent with total employment calculated in table 7 of the TSA:RMF 2008.TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO GDPGDP generated directly by the Travel&Tourism sector plus its in

187、direct and induced impacts(see below).TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENTThe number of jobs generated directly in the Travel&Tourism sector plus the indirect and induced contributions(see below).DIRECT SPENDING IMPACTSVISITOR EXPORTSSpending within the country by international tourists for both busines

188、s and leisure trips,including spending on transport,but excluding international spending on education.This is consistent with total inbound tourism expenditure in table 1 of the TSA:RMF 2008.DOMESTIC TRAVEL&TOURISM SPENDINGSpending within a country by that countrys residents for both business and le

189、isure trips.Multi-use consumer durables are not included since they are not purchased solely for tourism purposes.This is consistent with total domestic tourism expenditure in table 2 of the TSA:RMF 2008.Outbound spending by residents abroad is not included here,but is separately identified accordin

190、g to the TSA:RMF 2008(see below).GOVERNMENT INDIVIDUAL SPENDINGSpending by government on Travel&Tourism services directly linked to visitors,such as cultural services(eg museums)or recreational services(eg national parks).INTERNAL TOURISM CONSUMPTIONTotal revenue generated within a country by indust

191、ries that deal directly with tourists including visitor exports,domestic spending and government individual spending.This does not include spending abroad by residents.This is consistent with total internal tourism expenditure in table 4 of the TSA:RMF 2008.BUSINESS TRAVEL&TOURISM SPENDINGSpending o

192、n business travel within a country by residents and international visitors.LEISURE TRAVEL&TOURISM SPENDINGSpending on leisure travel within a country by residents and international visitors.INDIRECT AND INDUCED IMPACTSINDIRECT CONTRIBUTIONThe contribution to GDP and jobs of the following three facto

193、rs:CAPITAL INVESTMENT:Includes capital investment spending by all industries directly involved in Travel&Tourism.This also constitutes investment spending by other industries on specific tourism assets such as new visitor accommodation and passenger transport equipment,as well as restaurants and lei

194、sure facilities for specific tourism use.This is consistent with total tourism gross fixed capital formation in table 8 of the TSA:RMF 2008.GOVERNMENT COLLECTIVE SPENDING:Government spending in support of general tourism activity.This can include national as well as regional and local government spe

195、nding.For example,it includes tourism promotion,visitor information services,administrative services and other public services.This is consistent with total collective tourism consumption in table 9 of TSA:RMF 2008.SUPPLY-CHAIN EFFECTS:Purchases of domestic goods and services directly by different i

196、ndustries within Travel&Tourism as inputs to their final tourism output.INDUCED CONTRIBUTIONThe broader contribution to GDP and employment of spending by those who are directly or indirectly employed by Travel&Tourism.OTHER INDICATORSOUTBOUND EXPENDITURESpending outside the country by residents on a

197、ll trips abroad.This is fully aligned with total outbound tourism expenditure in table 3 of the TSA:RMF 2008.INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALSThe number of arrivals of international overnight visitors(tourists)to the country.World Travel&Tourism Council32ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSECONOMIC IMPAC

198、T REPORTSREGIONS,SUB REGIONS&COUNTRIES,ECONOMIESWORLDREGIONSUB REGIONCOUNTRY&ECONOMYAFRICANORTH AFRICAAlgeriaEgyptLibyaMoroccoTunisiaSUB-SAHARANAngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadComorosCongoCote dIvoireDemocratic Republic of CongoEswatiniEthiopiaGabo

199、nGambiaGhanaGuineaKenyaLesothoMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSao Tome and PrincipeSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabweREGIONSUB REGIONCOUNTRY&ECONOMYASIA-PACIFICNORTHEAST ASIAChinaHong Kong SAR,ChinaJapanSouth KoreaMac

200、au SAR,ChinaMongoliaTaiwan,ChinaCENTRAL ASIAKazakhstanKyrgyzstanTajikistanUzbekistanOCEANIAAustraliaFijiKiribatiNew ZealandPapua New GuineaSolomon IslandsTongaVanuatuOther Oceanic StatesSOUTH ASIABangladeshIndiaMaldivesNepalPakistanSri LankaSOUTHEAST ASIA(ASEAN)Brunei DarussalamCambodiaIndonesiaLaos

201、MalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnamEUROPEEUROPEAN UNIONAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceREGIONSUB REGIONCOUNTRY&ECONOMYAMERICASCARIBBEANAnguillaAntigua and BarbudaArubaBahamasBarbadosBermudaBritish Virgin IslandsCayman IslandsCub

202、aCuraao*DominicaDominican RepublicGrenadaGuadeloupeHaitiJamaicaMartiniquePuerto RicoSt Kitts and NevisSt LuciaSt Vincent and the GrenadinesTrinidad and TobagoUS Virgin IslandsLATIN AMERICAArgentinaBelizeBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaEcuadorEl SalvadorGuatemalaGuyanaHondurasNicaraguaPanamaParag

203、uayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuelaNORTH AMERICACanadaMexicoUSAREGIONSUB-REGIONCOUNTRY&ECONOMYEUROPEEUROPEAN UNIONHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaNetherlandsPolandPortugalRomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenOTHER EUROPEAlbaniaArmeniaAzerbaijanBelarusBosnia and HerzegovinaGeorgiaIcelandMol

204、dovaMontenegroNorth MacedoniaNorwayRussian FederationSerbiaSwitzerlandTurkeyUKUkraineMIDDLE EASTBahrainIranIraqIsraelJordanKuwaitLebanonOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaSyriaUnited Arab EmiratesYemen*Referred to as Former Netherlands Antilles in previous WTTC reports.World Travel&Tourism Council33ECONOMIC IMPAC

205、T 2022:GLOBAL TRENDSSTR provides premium data benchmarking,analytics and marketplace insights for the global hospitality industry.We deliver data that is confidential,accurate and actionable,and our comprehensive solutions empower our clients to strategize and compete within their markets.Founded in

206、 1985,STR maintains a presence in 15 countries with a corporate North American headquarters in Hendersonville,Tennessee,and an international headquarters in London,and an Asia Pacific headquarters in Singapore.STR was acquired in October 2019 by CoStar Group,Inc.(NASDAQ:CSGP),the leading provider of

207、 commercial real estate information,analytics and online marketplaces.Contact email:IndustryDACKNOWLEDGEMENTSEDITORSNejc JusHead of ResearchWorld Travel&Tourism CouncilChok Tsering Junior Research AnalystWorld Travel&Tourism CouncilJonathan Mitcham Senior Research AnalystWorld Travel&Tourism Council

208、CONTRIBUTORSJames McDonald Director Safe&Seamless Travel World Travel&Tourism CouncilChristopher Imbsen Director of SustainabilityWorld Travel&Tourism CouncilDESIGNWorld Travel&Tourism CouncilIMAGESCover:Ian Stauffer,Unsplash P1:Thomas Ashlock,UnsplashP3:Jad Limcaco,UnsplashP4:Daniel J Schwarz,Unspl

209、ashP11:Nathan Dumlao,UnsplashP14:Alena Ozerova,ShutterstockP16:Michail Vorobyev,ShutterstockP17:Blue Planet Studio,ShutterstockP18:Uhryn Larysa,ShutterstockP19:Spc3mky,ShutterstockP20:Josh Withers,UnsplashP21:Monkey Business Images,ShutterstockP22:Hiroko Yoshii,UnsplashP23:Monkey Business Images,Shu

210、tterstockP24:Jakob Owens,UnsplashP25:Jacob Lund,ShutterstockP26:Metamorworks ShutterstockContributing data to the WTTC Economic Impact Model:ForwardKeys was founded in 2010 on the premise that businesses dependent on international travellers such as tourism organisations,hotels and retailers would m

211、ake better strategic decisions if they knew who was travelling where,when and for how long.The self-funded company,therefore,developed the most comprehensive database of air travel bookings in the industry,offering detailed information on traveller profiles.Yet ForwardKeys is more than just a consul

212、tancy to the aviation industry.In recent years,it has evolved to become a travel intelligence specialist,able to provide insight into not only the flow of international travellers but also their behaviour and preferences at their destination.ForwardKeys,on a mission to predict travellers impact.Lear

213、n more about the data solutions and visit:ForwardK Travel&Tourism Council34ECONOMIC IMPACT 2022:GLOBAL TRENDS The Voice of Travel&Tourism.WTTC promotes sustainable growth for the Travel&Tourism sector,working with governments and international institutions to create jobs,to drive exports and to gene

214、rate prosperity.Council Members are the Chairs,Presidents and Chief Executives of the worlds leading private sector Travel&Tourism businesses.Together with Oxford Economics,WTTC produces annual research that shows Travel&Tourism to be one of the worlds largest sectors,supporting 289 million jobs and

215、 generating 6.1%of global GDP in 2021.Comprehensive reports quantify,compare and forecast the economic impact of Travel&Tourism on 185 economies around the world.In addition to individual country fact sheets,and fuller country reports,WTTC produces a world report highlighting global trends and 26 fu

216、rther reports that focus on regions,sub-regions and economic and geographic groups.To download reports or data,please visit:WTTC.org/Research/Economic-ImpactAssisting WTTC to Provide Tools for Analysis,Benchmarking,Forecasting and Planning.Oxford Economics is a leader in global forecasting and quant

217、itative analysis.Our worldwide client base comprises more than 2,000 international corporations,financial institutions,government organisations,and universities.Headquartered in Oxford,with offices around the world,we employ over 450 staff,including over 300 economists and analysts.Our best-in-class

218、 global economic and industry models and analytical tools give us an unmatched ability to forecast external market trends and assess their economic,social and business impact.For more information,visit:OxfordE World Travel&Tourism Council:Travel&Tourism Economic Impact Global Trends 2022.All rights

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220、ting.The following acknowledgment must also be used,whenever our content is used relying on this“fair dealing”exception:“Source:World Travel and Tourism Council:Travel&Tourism Economic Impact Global Trends 2022.All rights reserved.”If your use of the content would not fall under the“fair dealing”exc

221、eption described above,you are permitted to use this content in whole or in part for non-commercial or commercial use provided you comply with the Attribution,Non-Commercial 4.0 International Creative Commons Licence.In particular,the content is not amended and the following acknowledgment is used,w

222、henever our content is used:“Source:World Travel and Tourism Council:Travel&Tourism Economic Impact Global Trends 2022.All rights reserved.Licensed under the Attribution,Non-Commercial 4.0 International Creative Commons Licence.”You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything this license permits.STRATEGIC PARTNERS