1、 Mission Innovation NATIONAL INNOVATION PATHWAY OF THE UNITED STATES White House Office of Science and Technology Policy United States Department of Energy United States Department of State APRIL 2023 2 Contents Clean Energy Innovation Strategy.3 Summary.3 Methodology.4 Clean Energy Innovation Prior

2、ities.11 Overview of Clean Energy Innovation Priorities.11 Tracking Progress.19 Non-Federal Government and Private Sector Engagement.20 International Collaboration.21 National Energy Innovation Ecosystem.22 3 Clean Energy Innovation Strategy Summary The United States Nationally Determined Contributi

3、on(NDC)aims to reduce greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions by 50-52%from 2005 levels by 2030,putting the United States on a path to achieve net-zero emissions no later than 2050.The Long-Term Climate Strategy of the United States outlines multiple pathways to meet these commitments.Key elements of this stra

4、tegy include goals of a carbon pollution-free electricity grid by 2035 and 50%zero-emission vehicle sales by 2030,as well as improving energy efficiency across all sectors of the economy,electrifying end-use sectors(transport,buildings,and industry)where practical,shifting to zero-emission or carbon

5、-neutral fuels for industries and transport modes that need energy-dense fuels,applying carbon capture and storage for industries with large process-related emissions,advancing carbon dioxide removal,reducing methane and other non-CO2 emissions,and shifting to more sustainable agricultural,forestry,

6、and land use practices.To support meeting the U.S.NDC and implementation of the Long-Term Strategy,the United States has a threefold net-zero technology action plan(as illustrated in Figure 1)which will:Invest in R&D for a portfolio of game-changing innovations to ensure that there is an adequate su

7、ite of technologies to reliably,affordably,and equitably achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.Examples include the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Energy EarthshotsTM which target specific technology cost and performance goals in long duration energy storage,carbon removal,clean hydrogen,enhanced geother

8、mal systems,floating offshore wind,and industrial heat.Additionally,the U.S.Departments of Energy,Transportation,Agriculture,and Defense,the Environmental Protection Agency,the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,and the National Science

9、Foundation have ongoing programs that invest in innovation from basic science to demonstration projects for climate mitigation and resilience.A whole-of-government Climate Innovation Working Group was established to assess current innovation investments and guide future investments(U.S.Innovation to

10、 Meet 2050 Climate Goals:Assessing Initial R&D Opportunities).Demonstrate and support early deployment of emerging technologies.The demonstration projects will increase market confidence and begin to make equitable investments in the infrastructure needed to enable widespread deployment.Examples inc

11、lude advanced offshore wind,carbon capture and storage,advanced nuclear power,and advanced grid technologies.The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law(BIL)provided$21.5 billion for clean energy demonstration projects in clean hydrogen,energy storage,carbon capture,advanced nuclear,direct air capture,and oth

12、er technologies.The Inflation Reduction Act(IRA)of 2022 complements this with billions of dollars in deployment for carbon capture and storage,carbon dioxide removal,and hydrogen.Figure 1.Threefold strategy for technologies needed to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050.4 Use regulations and finan

13、cial incentives to accelerate manufacturing,deployment,and adoption of technologies that are available today,such as solar,wind,batteries,electric vehicles,and highly efficient appliances and equipment,as well as an expanded transmission network to support more renewable energy and electrification.S

14、cale-up of these clean energy technologies is supported by new efforts to secure supply chains for critical materials and components.In addition to demonstration of emerging technologies,funding in the BIL(including the$62 billion provided to DOE alone)accelerates deployment of commercially availabl

15、e clean energy,clean transit and school buses,and grid modernization technologies.The BIL also invests in associated clean energy infrastructure(such as a nationwide electric vehicle charging network),domestic manufacturing and supply chain capacity,and workforce needs.The IRA provides$370 billion o

16、f incentives to deploy commercial and emerging clean energy technologies across the economy.The DOE Loan Program Office now has more than$100 billion in loan authority to help deploy and scale up innovative clean energy,advanced transportation,and tribal energy projects in the United States,and$250

17、billion in new loan authority to retool or repurpose energy infrastructure for the low-carbon economy.EPA is also developing rulemaking proposals to address some of our nations largest sources of both climate-and health-harming pollution,such as the transportation,oil and natural gas,and power secto

18、rs and advance low and zero emissions technologies.Documents summarizing the U.S.strategy and associated elements are provided in Table 1.The U.S.innovation strategy also fosters international partnerships through Mission Innovation,the First Movers Coalition,Net Zero World,the Glasgow Breakthrough

19、Agenda and a number of bilateral agreements to share U.S.-led innovations,learn from the efforts of others,and coordinate efforts so that we can maximize the impact of our collective investments.Methodology The U.S.national net-zero innovation pathway is informed by the National Long-Term Climate St

20、rategy,which maps multiple pathways for achieving net-zero emissions no later than 2050.The long-term strategy was developed using a combination of two economy-wide energy models,GCAM and OP-NEMS.Together,the models provide sector-specific pathways for meeting near and longer-term climate goals.The

21、models incorporate technologies that are available and cost-competitive today,as well as those requiring innovation to become ready for commercial deployment.Technologies that could play a major role in meeting our climate targets,but require innovation to bring them to market,are identified as inno

22、vation opportunities.Examples of innovation opportunities include the research areas listed in Table 4.Many additional clean energy technologies that are already broadly commercially availablesuch as conventional solar photovoltaics(PV),land-based wind,light-duty electric vehicles,and many energy ef

23、ficiency technologiesare not included in this list.Figure 2.Methodology for identifying innovation pathways 5 Once innovation opportunities are identified,multiple criteria are used to assess technologies based on their potential benefits for climate and environment,equity and justice,economy,and se

24、curity.Aligning the innovation portfolio across multiple objectives is key to sustained support for innovations over the next three decades.An interagency Climate Innovation Working Group is charged with gathering innovation priorities from the agencies,identifying opportunities and needs for coordi

25、nation,and developing a comprehensive innovation strategy to create options to reduce all emissions across the economy.After the opportunities are assessed and prioritized,cost and performance targets are developed to guide research and development efforts.Methods include technoeconomic modelling,st

26、akeholder engagement,and expert elicitation,all of which can help develop R&D roadmaps and identify barriers to commercialization and adoption.Unlike conventional technoeconomic analysis,which has historically focused on technology-level performance metrics such as levelized-cost-of electricity,ther

27、e is a growing awareness that interactions and synergies within and across sectors must be considered.A good example of this is the innovation needed to build a zero-emission grid.While solar and wind energy are often the lowest-cost source of electricity today,other emerging technologies like stora

28、ge,advanced nuclear energy,carbon capture and storage,enhanced geothermal energy,and fusion energy could dramatically reduce the costs and enhance the resilience and reliability of 100%clean power systems in the future.7 Executive Order on Catalyzing Clean Energy Industries and Jobs Through Federal

29、Sustainability Biden-Harris Administration Executive Order that calls for the Federal Government to create sustainability goals which leverage its scale and procurement power to reduce emissions,which drives innovation and accelerates deployment.Directs the Federal Government to achieve 5 ambitious

30、goals:(1)100%carbon pollution-free electricity by 2030,at least half locally supplied to meet 24/7 demand;(2)100%zero-emission vehicle acquisitions by 2035,including 100%zero-emission light-duty vehicle acquisitions by 2027;(3)Net-zero emissions from Federal procurement by 2050,including a Buy Clean

31、 policy to promote use of clean construction materials;(4)Net-zero emissions building portfolio by 2035,including 50%emissions reduction by 2032;and(5)Net-zero emissions from overall Federal operations by 2050.2021 Executive Order 14057 Full Plan Fact Sheet Executive Action to Spur Domestic Clean En

32、ergy Manufacturing Biden-Harris Administration presidential determination authorizing the use of the Defense Production Act(DPA)for clean energy.Authorizes the use of the DPA to rapidly expand domestic manufacturing for:solar panel parts,building insulation,heat pumps,electrolyzers and fuel cells,an

33、d power grid equipment.2022 Fact Sheet Presidential Determinations:solar panels,insulation,heat pumps,electrolyzers and fuel cells,power grid equipment 10 U.S.Industrial Decarbonization Roadmap DOE report to Congress providing RDD&D priorities for U.S.industrial sector decarbonization,covering both

34、cross-cutting and subsector-specific technologies in iron and steel,chemicals,food and beverage,petroleum refining,and cement.Cross-cutting and subsector-specific decarbonization pathways and RDD&D priorities across:(a)energy efficiency;(b)electrification;(c)low-carbon fuels,feedstocks,and energy so

35、urces;and(d)carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS).2022 Full Report Fact Sheet U.S.Methane Reduction Action Plan Biden-Harris Administration whole-of-government action plan to reduce methane emissions from oil and gas,landfills,and agriculture Outlines a combination of regulations,incentives,a

36、ctionable data,and partnerships that is needed to reduce methane emissions by 30%below 2020 levels by 2030,per the Global Methane Pledge.2021 Full Report 12 12 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Solar Energy Technologies Office.Pg.1.See here.13 In

37、frastructure Investment and Jobs Act,P.L.117-58,41007(c)(2021).See here.14 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.CCS and Power Systems Program.Pg.3.See here.15 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tr

38、ibal,and Territorial Governments,and Other Partners.Pg.190.See here.16 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act,P.L.117-58,40303(2021).See here.17 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Governments,and Other Partners.Pg.170.See he

39、re.18 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Governments,and Other Partners.Pg.168.See here.19 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Governments,and Other

40、Partners.Pg.175.See here.Advanced Solar Basic research through commercial-ization(including manufactur-ing and supply chain scale-up)DOE SunShot Goals:Utility-scale Solar PV:$0.2/kWh by 2030;Commercial Solar PV:$0.04/kWh;Residential Solar PV:$0.05/kWh;Concentrating Solar Power:$50/MWh by 2030 for CS

41、P system in the Southwest with at least 12 hours of thermal energy storage.Solar PV;concentrating solar-thermal power(CSP);systems integration;balance of systems soft cost reduction;manufacturing competitiveness.DOE FY22 Funding:$290 million12 for the Solar Energy Technologies Office.BIL Funding(FY2

42、2 until expended):$80 million13 including new solar technologies manufacturing;reuse and recycling;and research,development,demonstration,and commercialization.Multi-MW pilot of high-temperature and high-efficiency Generation 3 Concentrating Solar Power system capable of 6 hours of thermal energy st

43、orage.DOE Solar Energy Technologies Plan Solar Futures Study DOE Solar Technology Goals Gen3 CSP Demonstrations Carbon Capture,Utilization,&Storage Basic research through commercial-ization and development of monitoring,reporting,and verification(MRV)standards DOE Strategic Vision:Point Source Carbo

44、n Capture:increase capture efficiency to 95+%for multiple applications;Carbon Conversion:convert CO2 into environmentally responsible,equitable and economically valuable products;Carbon Transport and Storage:support rapid deployment of carbon storage necessary to meet climate goals.Point-source carb

45、on capture technologies such as pre-,post-,and oxy-combustion carbon capture;carbon conversion;carbon transport and storage.DOE FY22 Funding:$240 million14 for CCS and Power Systems Program.BIL Funding(FY22-26):$310 million15 for carbon utilization RD&D,$100 million16 for carbon capture technologies

46、;and,$2.5 billion17 for carbon storage RD&D.BIL Funding(FY22-26):$2.5 billion18 for CCUS demonstrations,$937 million19 for CCUS pilots.DOE Fossil Energy and Carbon Management Strategic Vision 13 20 Joint Explanatory Statement for the Consolidated Appropriations Act,2022,P.L.117-103.Pg.876.See here.2

47、1 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Governments,and Other Partners.Pg.220.See here.22 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Governments,and Other Part

48、ners.Pg.164.See here.23 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Vehicle Technologies Office.Pg.1.See here.24 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2022 Funding Opportunity Announcement Vehicle Technologies Office.See here.Carbon Removal Basic research thro

49、ugh commercial-ization and development of MRV standards DOE Carbon Negative Shot Goal:reducing the cost of carbon dioxide removal to less than$100 per metric ton by 2030.The removal should be long-term,at gigaton scale,and should account for the entire life cycle.First Movers Coalition Advanced Mark

50、et Commitments:by 2030,companies commit to purchase 50,000+tonnes of highly durable and scalable carbon dioxide removal in addition to maximal direct emissions reduction efforts.Direct air capture(DAC)with storage;Enhanced mineralization;Biomass with Carbon Removal and Storage;Direct ocean capture w

51、ith storage.DOE FY22 Funding:Not less than$104 million20 for CDR.BIL Funding(FY22-26):$15 million21 for pre-commercial DAC prize.BIL Funding(FY22-26):$3.5 billion22 for regional DAC hubs.DOE Fossil Energy and Carbon Management Strategic Vision DOE Carbon Negative Shot Clean Shipping Fuels and Vessel

52、s Basic research through commercial-ization MI Targets adopted by U.S.Government:By 2030:200+ships to use these zero-emission fuels across main deep sea shipping routes;5%+of global deep-sea fleet to be ships capable of running on zero-emission fuels;10 large trade ports covering 3+continents supply

53、 zero-emission fuels.First Movers Coalition Advanced Market Commitments:by 2030,carriers commit that 5%+of deep-sea shipping will be powered by zero-emission fuels;cargo owners commit that 10%+of goods shipped internationally on ships powered by zero-emission fuels.Shipping fuels that can be derived

54、 from SAF by-products.Life cycle assessment and technical support in developing green corridors.DOE FY22 Funding:$420 million23 for the Vehicle Technologies Office,including$96 million24 in funding opportunities for advanced clean vehicle technologies(including marine vehicles).DOE provides addition

55、al funding for sustainable marine fuel RD&D.No planned demonstrations at this time.First Movers Coalition Commitment Scope DOE Clean Vehicle FOA DOE Sustainable Marine Fuels 14 25 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Geothermal Technologies Office.P

56、g.1.See here.26 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Request for Information-Enhanced Geothermal Systems Pilot Demonstrations.See here.27 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Fusion Energy Sciences Program.Pg.4.See here.28 En

57、ergy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill,2022,House Report 117-98,117th Congress(2021).Pg.150.See here.29 Inflation Reduction Act of 2022,P.L.117-169,50172(a)(3)(2022).See here.Enhanced Geothermal Systems Basic research through demonstra-tion DOE Enhanced Geothermal Shot G

58、oal:reduce the cost of Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGS)electricity to$45/MWh by 2035.Resource characterization;well construction;reservoir production capable of higher fluid flows for larger generation capacity.DOE FY22 Funding:$110 million25 for Geothermal Technologies Office.BIL Funding(FY22 until

59、 expended):$84 million26 for 4 EGS pilots.GeoVision Report Geothermal Technologies Office Program Plan Fusion Energy Basic research through demonstra-tion National Goal:Pursue R&D to enable the design,construction,and operation of a fusion pilot plant(FPP)on a decadal time scale.Viable plasma fusion

60、 core(magnetic,inertial,and magneto-inertial approaches);Advanced low-activation materials;Tritium breeding,separation,processing;Balance-of-plant technologies.DOE FY22 Funding:$713 million27 for Fusion Energy Sciences,$45 million28 to launch a milestone-based public-private partnership program.IRA

61、Funding(FY22-27):$280 million29 for fusion research facilities.None at this time,but$45M25 of FY22 funding supports a new milestone-based public-private-partnership to support applied R&D toward one or more FPPs.White House Fact Sheet Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee Report National Academi

62、es Report 15 30 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office.Pg.1.See here.31 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Governments,and Other Par

63、tners.Pg.173.See here.32 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Governments,and Other Partners.Pg.182.See here.33 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Gov

64、ernments,and Other Partners.Pg.159.See here.34 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Advanced Manufacturing Office.Pg.1.See here.35 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).Funding Opportunity Announcement-Clean Energy Manufacturing Innovation Institute for In

65、dustrial Decarbonization.See here.36 The White House(2022).A Guidebook for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for State,Local,Tribal,and Territorial Governments,and Other Partners.Pg.184.See here.37 Inflation Reduction Act of 2022,P.L.117-169,50161(a)(2022).See here.Hydrogen(H2)Basic research through

66、 commercial-ization DOE Hydrogen Shot Goal:$1/kg for clean hydrogen production within 10 years.DOE Delivery and Dispensing Goal:$2/kg by 2030.DOE Storage Goal:$9/kWh by 2030.DOE Electrolyzer Goal:$150/kW;73%efficiency;80,000-hour durability.DOE Fuel Cells for Heavy-Duty Trucks Goal:$80/kW;25,000-hr

67、durability.Production:electrolysis;natural gas with CCUS;advanced renewable pathways;other carbon-based feedstocks.Use:Storage and Infrastructure;Fuel Cells;Turbines&Combustion;Systems Analysis.DOE FY22 Funding:$158 million30 for H2 and Fuel Cell Technologies Office.BIL Funding(FY22-26):$1 billion31

68、 for Clean H2 Electrolysis,$500 million32 for Clean H2 Manufacturing and Recycling.BIL Funding(FY22-26):$8 billion33 for clean hydrogen hubs.DOE Hydrogen Shot DOE Hydrogen Program Plan Industrial Decarbonization Basic research through commercial-ization DOE Industrial Heat Shot Goal:Develop cost-com

69、petitive technologies with at least 85%lower GHG emissions by 2035.First Movers Coalition Advanced Market Commitments:2030 purchasing of near-zero carbon steel and aluminum and will include standards for highly decarbonized cement/concrete and chemicals by early 2023.Cost-competitive,low-or zero-car

70、bon alternatives for process heating and integration of clean heat;Cost-competitive,low-or zero-carbon steel,cement,and chemicals production DOE FY22 Funding:$416 million34 for the Advanced Manufacturing Office,including$70 million35 to create a new Clean Energy Manufacturing Innovation Institute.BI

71、L Funding(FY22 until expended):$500 million36 for industrial emissions demonstrations.IRA funding:$5.8 billion37 for advanced industrial facility demonstration projects.Fact Sheet First Movers Coalition Commitments:Steel;Aluminum DOE Thermal Process Intensification Industrial Decarbonization Roadmap

72、 16 38 Joint Explanatory Statement for the Consolidated Appropriations Act,2022,P.L.117-103.Pg.876.See here.39 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Request for Information-Long Duration Energy Storage for Everyone,Everywhere(LD ESEE)Initiative.See here.40 U.S.Department of En

73、ergy(2021).DOE Announces Nearly$200 Million to Reduce Emissions From Cars and Trucks.See here.Long Duration Energy Storage Basic research through commercial-ization Long Duration Storage Shot Goal:Reduce storage costs by 90%from a 2020 Li-ion baseline in storage systems that deliver 10+hours of dura

74、tion in 1 decade.Low-cost long duration storage technologies.DOE FY22 Funding:Not less than$500 million38 for energy storage,including funding for RD&D activities that support the Energy Storage Grand Challenge.BIL Funding(FY22 until expended):$505 million39 Long Duration Energy Storage for Everyone

75、,Everywhere Initiative.DOE Long Duration Storage Shot BIL Initiative Energy Storage Grand Challenge Roadmap Clean Heavy-Duty Vehicles(HDVs)Basic research through demonstra-tion 2021 Executive Order:Establish air emission,GHG,and fuel efficiency standards for HDVs for 2027+.First Movers Coalition Adv

76、anced Market Commitments:Zero-emission medium and heavy-duty vehicles(battery or fuel-cell)and clean electricity/H2 refueling.DOE RD&D Goals:SuperTruck III:Demonstrate 75%reduction in GHG and air emissions;Reduce total cost of ownership compared to 2020/21.Fuel Cells for Heavy-Duty Trucks:$80/kW;25,

77、000-hr durability.Cost-competitive low-carbon alternatives for heavy on-road trucking and off-road vehicles,including:electrification,hydrogen,biofuels,and electrofuels,including planning for clean corridor infrastructure.DOE FY22 Funding:$420 million20 for the Vehicle Technologies Office,including$

78、96 million21 in funding opportunities for advanced clean vehicle technologies(including HDV technology and refueling).DOE recently awarded$127 million40 for projects under the SuperTruck III program.BIL also provides funding via the Joint Office for Energy and Transportation for pilots and demonstra

79、tions to support a nationwide EV charging network.Executive Order 14037 Biden-Harris Administration Clean Trucks Plan 17 41 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Building Technologies Office.Pg.1.See here.42 U.S.Department of Energy.DOE Awards$32 Mil

80、lion to Accelerate Next-Generation Building Upgrades.See here.Methane Reduction Basic research through commercial-ization Global Methane Pledge:Reduce overall methane emissions by 30%below 2020 levels by 2030.Landfill Goals:70%emissions capture at all U.S.landfills;50%reduced food waste by 2030.Agri

81、culture Goals:Promoting agricultural practices and commodities that reduce methane(and sequester carbon);Measuring and monitoring emissions and sequestration.EPA Methane Partnership:Address methane in agriculture,coal mining,oil and gas,and landfills.Agriculture:Measuring,monitoring,and reducing met

82、hane and N20 emissions from livestock and crop production.Other Sources:Measuring,monitoring,and reducing methane emissions from non-agricultural Sources,such as oil and gas systems,landfills,and reservoirs.DOE FY22 Funding:Includes funding for methane mitigation and quantification RD&D.USDA FY22 Fu

83、nding:Includes funding for livestock methane RD&D.EPA FY22 Funding:Including funding for methane measurement RD&D.No planned demonstrations at this time.U.S.Methane Emissions Reduction Action Plan Methane Partnership DOE Methane Emissions Reduction Net-Zero Buildings Basic research through commercia

84、l-ization RD&D goals under development.Cost-competitive net-zero building construction and operation,including net-zero or net-negative building materials.DOE FY22 Funding:$308 million41 for the Building Technologies Office.DOE recently awarded$32 million42 for a series of Advanced Building Construc

85、tion demonstrations.DOE Building Efficiency Demonstration Projects 18 43 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Wind Energy Technologies Office.Pg.1.See here.44 U.S.Department of Energy(2022).FY 2023 Statistical Table by Appropriation,Using Enacted.Bi

86、oenergy Technologies Office.Pg.1.See here.45 Federal Aviation Administration(2022).Sustainable Aviation Fuels(SAF).See here.Offshore Wind Basic research through commercial-ization National Goal:30 GW of offshore wind deployment by 2030.DOE Floating Offshore Wind Shot:reduce the cost by 70%to$45/MWh

87、in deep waters by 2035.Robustness to ocean conditions;reduced environmental impacts;technical challenges with installation and grid connection;improved efficiencies and economies of scale;develop floating platform designs for deeper waters.DOE FY22 Funding:$114 million43 for Wind Energy Technologies

88、 Office.DOE supports a portfolio of offshore wind demonstration projects,including projects under construction off the coasts of Lake Erie and New England.White House Fact Sheet National Offshore Wind Strategy Demonstration Projects Sustainable Aviation Fuels(SAF)Basic research through commercial-iz

89、ation SAF Grand Challenge:3 billion gal SAF by 2030(50%+life cycle GHG reduction);meet 100%of aviation demand by 2050;approval of additional conversion pathways.First Movers Coalition Advanced Market Commitments:airlines and transport companies replace 5%+jet fuel demand/airfare;freight purchasers r

90、eplace 5%of demand with SAFs with 85%+GHG reduction or near-zero emissions propulsion technologies.Utilizing all potential biomass and CO2 feedstocks;Multiple new conversion pathways will be explored in addition to the 7 already approved.DOE FY22 Funding:$262 million44 for Bioenergy Technologies Off

91、ice.DOT FY22 Funding:$16 million45 for Federal Aviation Administration(FAA)on SAF.USDA FY22 Funding:Includes funding that supports biofuel production R&D.Annual investments in scaling up SAF technologies planned through 2030.SAF Grand Challenge Fact Sheet&MOU First Movers Coalition Commitment FAA Cl

92、imate Action Plan 19 Tracking Progress Numerous indicators are used to track progress of our innovation priorities.The indicators are tracked by the Federal Government,but also by universities,research institutions such as national labs,and private sector investors.These include the following.1.Mile

93、stone tracking.At the most basic level,government-supported innovation tracks progress towards milestones laid out in grant applications and contracts.Milestones are typically tied to a date when important goals are met,such as:proof-of-concept achieved;notable performance improvement;technology and

94、 system optimization;demonstration;and commercialization.2.Tracking cost and performance goals.Key performance indicators such as energy efficiency,energy return on investment,energy density,cycle life or longevity,life cycle emission reductions,and progress towards cost parity are tracked for gover

95、nment and private sector investment in innovative technologies.3.Number of patents issued.Generation of intellectual property,as a key indicator of progress and success,is tracked for all government research grants.4.Publications and citations.Numbers of publications and citations are tracked for go

96、vernment sponsored research grants.5.Level of private sector investment.Direct or follow-on investment by the private sector is a key indicator of success and is tracked for most government research grants.6.Number of companies started,generating income,and achieving profitability.The number of comp

97、anies formed during or after completion of a research grant is tracked for some,but not all,research grants.In addition,it has become a best practice to track investment in those companies,when and if they go public,when they start generating revenue,and when they become profitable.20 Non-Federal Go

98、vernment and Private Sector Engagement Partnerships with the private sector are central to the U.S.approach to clean energy innovation,from RD&D through full scale commercial deployment.DOE partners with industry,national laboratories,universities,non-profits,state and local governments,and other st

99、akeholders across the United States to advance primary science and early technological breakthroughs to commercially viable demonstrations.Creating the right enabling environment for private sector innovation requires ongoing and open dialogue between industry and government,with a common fact base

100、around the path to commercial scale and success.Early-stage incubators like DOEs Advanced Research Projects AgencyEnergy(ARPA-E)and technology transfer programs like the Lab Embedded Entrepreneurs Program accelerate the transition from lab to market.Grants,cooperative agreements,prizes,and other for

101、ms of financial and technical assistance play a critical role in enabling and de-risking technologies as they move from applied research to pilot and first-of-a-kind commercial demonstration projects.The new DOE Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations(OCED)was created to fill a critical gap in funding

102、 innovative large-scale demonstrations on the path to commercial scale.Public sector finance entities like DOEs Loan Programs Office work to accelerate the bankability of technologies by providing the first debt financing these innovative technologies receive,educating private lenders and institutio

103、nal investors on how to underwrite deployments.The Manufacturing USA initiative,which involves multiple Federal agencies engaging in public-private partnership with thousands of organizations,is another element to scaling up many clean energy technologies and training the next-generation workforce t

104、o enable the United States to deliver clean products at home and export them abroad.Other public-private partnership programs such as the First Movers Coalition mobilize collective demand,creating voluntary advanced market commitments for innovative climate technologies that drive innovation and acc

105、elerate deployment.The First Movers Coalition is a global initiative that harnesses the purchasing power of companies to decarbonize hard-to-abate industrial sectors that currently account for 30 percent of global emissions.Finally,state policies like clean energy standards,low-carbon fuel standards

106、,and other procurement mandates and advanced market commitments create strong and stable demand signals for clean energy technology companies.At the Federal level,incentives provide an additional source of stability and risk mitigation.Most recently,the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 extended or cr

107、eated tax credits for adoption of clean technologies across many sectorsincluding for clean electricity,clean hydrogen and other fuels,carbon capture and carbon removal,energy efficiency,and electric vehicles and appliancesas well as for manufacturing of many clean energy technologies.21 Internation

108、al Collaboration The U.S.Government engages in multiple international science and technology collaborations in order to maintain the strength and global leadership of the U.S.innovation base.It prioritizes international collaboration to tackle clean energy innovation priorities in many ways.It holds

109、 multiple strategic energy dialogues with partners and allies to set out collaboration priorities on a bilateral basis and implements those ideas through working groups and other mechanisms.For example,it carries out bilateral engagements such as the U.S.-India Partnership to Advance Clean Energy-Re

110、search(PACE-R),and the U.S.-Israel Center of Excellence in Energy,Engineering and Water Technology(Energy Center).It has also launched a new program called Net Zero World Initiative which works hand-in-hand with partner countries to co-create and implement tailored,actionable technical and investmen

111、t roadmaps to increase the speed and scale of transition to net zero energy systems.The U.S.Government also engages in multiple multilateral fora,including leadership positions in Mission Innovation(MI)and the Clean Energy Ministerial(CEM).In Mission Innovation,it sits on the Steering Committee in a

112、 Vice-Chair role,and will assume the Chairmanship for 2023.Further,it co-leads three of the research MissionsClean Hydrogen,Zero-Emission Shipping,and Carbon Dioxide Removalas well as an innovation community on Sustainable Aviation Fuels in partnership with India.To build on the Zero-Emissions Shipp

113、ing Mission,the United States and Norway will also announce a Green Shipping Challenge to encourages governments and companies to collaboratively address emissions from the international shipping sector.The U.S.Government is also in a leadership position in CEM as a co-chair and leads or participate

114、s in numerous workstreams under CEM.The U.S.Government also launched two international initiatives:the First Movers Coalition and the Clean Energy Technologies Demonstration Challenge.The First Movers Coalition has welcomed nine government partners in addition to the United States(Denmark,Germany,In

115、dia,Italy,Japan,Norway,Singapore,Sweden,and the United Kingdom).The Clean Energy Technologies Demonstration Challenge is an international effort to raise at least$90 billion in public funding globally by 2026 to build commercial-scale demonstration projects that the IEA reports are needed to achieve

116、 net-zero emissions by 2030.The United States,through DOEs OCED,is expected to mobilize over$27 billion in support of the Challenge.These public investments will leverage additional private investments and advance innovative technologies already in demand by the worlds largest companies through effo

117、rts such as the First Movers Coalition.22 National Energy Innovation Ecosystem The scale of the climate crisis requires a historic effort between the public and private sectors in the national energy innovation ecosystem to conduct basic science research that leads to new discoveries,advance early-s

118、tage research from the lab to prototypes,demonstrate emerging technologies to accelerate innovation,and scale technologies to broader market adoption.Technologies emerge and advance through an iterative non-linear feedback process in this ecosystem of curiosity-driven research,invention and design,t

119、esting and evaluation,demonstration,learning-by-doing,manufacturing,and market adoption all contributing to new knowledge driving innovation.Each component is a critical element,and U.S.public and private institutions play a key role.The U.S.Department of Energy and its 17 National Laboratories are

120、essential institutions in the national energy innovation ecosystem,providing unparalleled science,technology,computing,engineering,and other expertise that scale science from discovery to adoption.Over the next five years,the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law enables DOE to launch 60 new programs(includ

121、ing 16 demonstration and 32 deployment programs)and expand funding for 12 existing research,development,demonstration,and deployment programs.The Inflation Reduction Act provides DOE with an additional$35 billion for programs to support innovation and deployment in industrial decarbonization,buildin

122、g energy efficiency,and energy infrastructure,among other technology areas.The Department of Energys basic and applied science and energy programs,ARPA-E program,Loan Program Office,Office of Technology Transitions,and Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations help discover,design,demonstrate,deploy,and

123、 scale up innovative clean energy in the United States.Many other Federal agencies are critical components of this system,including the Departments of Agriculture,Transportation,Interior,Defense,and Commerce,the Environmental Protection Agency,and National Science Foundation.An expanded,optimized,an

124、d sustained effort by Federal agencies on net-zero R&D efforts will advance the clean energy innovation necessary to reach net-zero emissions.Private technology,finance,engineering,infrastructure,and other firms are foundational institutions in this ecosystem in order to scale and diffuse new clean

125、energy technologies.Philanthropic and non-governmental institutions fill important funding and advocacy roles.Finally,universities and colleges generate new knowledge and train the next generation workforce needed for the clean energy transition.23 Table 5:Clean Energy Innovation Institutions Instit

126、ution name Description of role Innovation priorities from Table 4 that they contribute to Description of funding modalities Links U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)DOE supports research from early stage to commercialization through a set of basic and applied research programs,the Loan Program Office,and

127、ARPA-E(see below).Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,Carbon Removal,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,Industrial Decarbonization,Long Duration Energy Storage,HDVs,Methane Reduction,Buildings,Offshore Wind,Sustainable Aviation Fuels.DOE performs Federal RD&D through a system of national laboratories and

128、also provides grants,contracts,and loans across the development cycle to universities,research institutions,businesses,and state,local,and Tribal governments throughout the country.DOE DOE National Laboratories DOE supports its National Laboratories to perform research to develop low carbon technolo

129、gies and provide access to cutting edge research user facilities.The DOE National Laboratories also engage in collaborative research with outside parties and perform research for other Federal agencies,states,and to a limited degree,the private sector.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,Carbon Removal,Ship

130、ping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,Industrial Decarbonization,Long Duration Energy Storage,HDVs,Methane Reduction,Buildings,Offshore Wind,Sustainable Aviation Fuels.The National Laboratories receive grants and contracts from Federal and state agencies,and to a limited degree from the private sector.Nat

131、ional Laboratories DOE Advanced Research Projects AgencyEnergy(ARPA-E)Agency advancing high-potential high-impact energy technologies that are too early for private-sector investment through funding,technical assistance,and market readiness.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,Carbon Removal,Shipping,Geothe

132、rmal,Fusion,Hydrogen,Industrial Decarbonization,Long Duration Energy Storage,HDVs,Methane Reduction,Buildings,Offshore Wind,Sustainable Aviation Fuels.ARPA-E has provided over$3 billion in R&D funding for more than 1,300 potentially transformational energy technology projects.190 teams have together

133、 raised more than$10 billion in private-sector follow-on funding,and as of April 2022,ARPA-E has had 25 exits with a total reported value of$21.6 billion.ARPA-E 24 U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA)USDA performs RD&D on agricultural practices,conservation,bio-based products and energy primarily thr

134、ough its Agricultural Research Service,National Institute of Food and Agriculture,and Forest Service.USDA also performs technoeconomic research on renewable energy,bio-based products,and climate-smart agricultural commodities.Carbon Removal,Methane Reduction,Sustainable Aviation Fuels.USDA performs

135、Federal RD&D through a system of Federal laboratories and also provides grants and contracts for research across the development cycle to universities,research institutions,and businesses throughout the country.ARS Forest Service NIFA U.S.Department of Transportation(DOT)DOT performs R&D on advanced

136、 transportation safety approaches and technologies,connectivity-enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems,and innovative infrastructure materials and construction and maintenance processes.Batteries,Buildings and Industry(low-carbon materials),CCUS(carbon transport),HDVs,Shipping,Sustainable Aviati

137、on Fuels.DOT provides grants,contracts and cooperative agreement to universities,national laboratories,and companies,to support R&D and functional testing.In addition,DOT has several Federal laboratories that also perform research and testing.DOT U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)EPA is develo

138、ping rulemakings to address GHGs from the transportation,oil and natural gas,and power sectors.This includes,for example,facilitating the transition to next-generation technologies that do not rely on HFCs,and speeding the transition of the light-duty vehicle fleet toward a zero-emissions future.EPA

139、 Research Centers and Programs also perform research on environmental,human health,and justice impacts of clean energy transitions,and is performing RD&D on carbon removal in near-shore marine environments and methods for measuring and mitigating methane emissions.Methane Reduction,Carbon Removal,Ba

140、tteries,CCUS,HDVs,Buildings(HFC phase-out),Sustainable Aviation Fuels.EPA provides grants and contracts to universities,national laboratories,and companies,to support RDD&D.In addition,EPA has a number of Research Centers and Programs that also perform research.EPA 25 U.S.Department of Defense(DoD)D

141、oD is the single largest energy consumer in the U.S.,with petroleum-based fuels by far the dominant source.DoD contributes to development of next-generation energy technologies,including the following focus areas:reduced dependence on fossil fuels,smart and secure energy management,increased buildin

142、g efficiency,distributed generation,and increased sustainability of its weapons system and vehicle manufacturing,maintenance,and operation.Nuclear,Buildings,HDVs,Sustainable Aviation Fuels,Batteries.DoD performs Federal RD&D and provides grants and contracts across the development cycle to universit

143、ies,research institutions,and businesses throughout the country.DOD has a number of regional Federal laboratories that also perform research.SERDP/ESTCP OECIF U.S.Department of Commerce The Department of Commerce houses the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)which performs research

144、on advanced manufacturing,advanced transportation,advanced material,and cyber-physical infrastructure,among other things.It also houses the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),which performs R&D on measurement,monitoring,and modelling of the ocean,atmosphere,and coastal resources.N

145、IST:Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,Carbon Removal,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,Industrial Decarbonization,Long Duration Energy Storage,HDVs,Methane Reduction,Buildings,Offshore Wind,Sustainable Aviation Fuels.NOAA:Solar,Offshore Wind,Carbon Removal,CCUS,Shipping,Methane Reduction.The Department

146、 of Commerce performs Federal RD&D through a system of Federal laboratories and also provides grants and contracts for research across the development cycle to universities,research institutions,and businesses throughout the country.NIST NOAA National Science Foundation(NSF)NSF supports fundamental

147、scientific research that underpins many of the developments needed in all of these climate and energy technologies.Batteries,Solar,CCUS,Carbon Removal,Shipping,Geothermal,Hydrogen,Industrial Decarbonization,Long Duration Energy Storage,HDVs,Methane Reduction,Buildings,Offshore Wind,Sustainable Aviat

148、ion Fuels.NSF supports science and engineering research projects,facilities,and STEM education.NSF funds research in all states and U.S.territories-reaching 2,000 academic and other private and public institutions.NSF also supports innovation by small businesses,partnerships among academia,industry,

149、and national laboratories,and research in non-profit non-academic organizations.NSF 26 First Movers Coalition Public-private initiative spurring innovation development and deployment by creating advanced market commitments for highly decarbonized materials.Carbon Removal,Shipping,Industrial Decarbon

150、ization,HDVs,Sustainable Aviation Fuels.Private companies,with support of the U.S.Government,commit to purchasing specific amounts of materials that meet shared decarbonization standards by 2030.Commitments are sector-specific(steel,aluminum,cement,chemicals,shipping,trucking,aviation,carbon removal

151、)so clean technology companies receive clear demand signals and assurances about market size within the next decade.First Movers Coalition Universities and Colleges Universities across the country perform research from basic science to applied research on a broad range of topics related to the prior

152、ity innovations discussed here.Universities are also the source of many clean energy start-ups.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,Carbon Removal,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,Industrial Decarbonization,Long Duration Energy Storage,HDVs,Methane Reduction,Buildings,Offshore Wind,Sustainable Aviation F

153、uels.Universities receive gifts,grants,and contracts for performing research and workforce training.Non-Profits and Foundations There are many private sector companies,investors,consortia and partnerships investing in next generation clean energy technologies.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,Carbon Remo

154、val,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,Industrial Decarbonization,Long Duration Energy Storage,HDVs,Methane Reduction,Buildings,Offshore Wind,Sustainable Aviation Fuels.Various Private Sector Organizations There are many private sector companies,investors,consortia and partnerships investing in next generation clean energy technologies.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,Carbon Removal,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,Industrial Decarbonization,Long Duration Energy Storage,HDVs,Methane Reduction,Buildings,Offshore Wind,Sustainable Aviation Fuels.Various