1、綠化種植工程專項(xiàng)施工方案本工程綠化種植包括落葉喬木、常綠喬木、灌木、地被花卉及草坪鋪設(shè)等項(xiàng)目。一、種植質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1、依據(jù)和范圍（1）、城市綠化工程施工及驗(yàn)收規(guī)范（2）、園林植物栽植技術(shù)規(guī)程（3）、園林植物養(yǎng)護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)程（4）、園林植物保護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)程（5）、園林栽植土質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（6）、草坪建植和草坪養(yǎng)護(hù)管理的技術(shù)規(guī)程（7）、市園林綠化工程質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（8）、中華人民共和國環(huán)境保護(hù)法（9）、花壇、花境技術(shù)規(guī)程（10）、設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和國家相關(guān)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（11）、本公司相關(guān)程序及施工管理文件2、依據(jù)和范圍（1）、花木栽植后生長勢好，葉片健壯。枝干健壯，無明顯枯枝，枝條粗壯，過冬枝條已木質(zhì)化，無蟲害，無明顯的人為

2、損壞，樹冠完整優(yōu)美，分支點(diǎn)合適，主側(cè)枝分布均勻、數(shù)量適宜，通風(fēng)透光，綠籬、整形植株等枝葉茂密、豐滿，花灌木花開茂盛，缺株在2%以下。（2）、草坪、地被栽植后生長勢好，葉片健壯，色澤均一，富有彈性。無蟲害、病害，病蟲侵害度 1%，草坪覆蓋度 95%，雜草率 1%。二、種植質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及技術(shù)要求：栽植樹木時(shí)，專業(yè)技術(shù)施工人員應(yīng)根據(jù)植物的特性采取相應(yīng)的施工措施及防護(hù)措施。1、喬灌木種植工程施工方案relationship,establishe d equivalent relationship 14,and subject:appli cation problem(4)-scores and perce

3、ntage application problem review content overview answers scores,and percentage application problem of key is:according to meaning,(1)determine standard volume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Then in-line sol ution.Category fraction multiplication word problem score

4、 Division applications engineeri ng problem problem XV,a subject:review of the measurement of the amount of capacity,measurement and units of measurement of common units of measurement and their significa nce in rate 1,currency,length,area,volume,unit size,volume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly

5、use d time units and their relationships.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,and of method 2,and poly method 3,and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1,and tool measurement 2,and estimates 16,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(1)-line

6、 and angle review content line,and segment,and Ray,and vertical,and parallel,and angle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(2)-plane graphi cs review conte nt triangle,and edges shaped,a nd round,and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and area com bination

7、graphics of area subject:Preliminary knowledge(3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into:cyli nder and cone 2,column is divided into:cuboi d,square 3,cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relationship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface a

8、rea and volume 1,size 2,table.和1.1 施工準(zhǔn)備（1）熟讀圖紙，了解設(shè)計(jì)的指導(dǎo)思想，理解設(shè)計(jì)意圖，掌握設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和質(zhì)量要求。設(shè)計(jì)人員向施工單位進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)交底。（2）現(xiàn)場勘查，了解現(xiàn)場施工條件，如水源、電源、土源、道路交通、苗木存放場地，定點(diǎn)放線依據(jù)等。（3）平整場地，清除渣土、垃圾、雜物，為整地和堆筑地形創(chuàng)造條件。（4）制定分區(qū)、分項(xiàng)的綠化施工方案，做到科學(xué)合理、切實(shí)可行。（5）按施工段工作量和現(xiàn)場情況合理配備資源，由苗木部負(fù)責(zé)組織苗源和苗木初檢。苗木入場由項(xiàng)目質(zhì)檢員會(huì)同綠化隊(duì)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。1.2 選苗苗木起運(yùn)施工方法（1）選苗、苗木起運(yùn)由公司苗木部負(fù)責(zé)組織實(shí)施。（2）“

9、好苗”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合設(shè)計(jì)對苗木的基本要求和河北大廠地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對苗木質(zhì)量的要求，如植株健壯、苗齡處壯年期、無病蟲害、無機(jī)械損傷，其規(guī)格、形態(tài)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。1）“好苗”三比同一苗木要求三個(gè)苗源地進(jìn)行對比，優(yōu)中選優(yōu)。2）“好苗”預(yù)檢預(yù)選苗木由公司苗木部按質(zhì)檢標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和管理程序邀請業(yè)主代表進(jìn)行預(yù)檢，淘汰劣苗，分別歸類建檔。（3）起苗前 35 天，帶冠落葉苗木先行疏剪、短剪，并護(hù)干、束冠，標(biāo)識主觀賞面。（4）苗木移植時(shí)，要求常綠樹種優(yōu)先落葉樹種，大苗木優(yōu)先小苗木。非季節(jié)種植帶土球起苗，其土球直徑落葉喬本為胸徑的78 倍，常綠喬木為胸徑的810 倍，灌木為苗高的1/3 左右，起苗的規(guī)格與設(shè)計(jì)要求相一致。（5）70cm

10、以上土球采用雙股雙軸法用草繩包扎，70cm以下土球用單股單軸法包扎。（6）苗木吊裝要求輕吊輕落，土球完整，運(yùn)輸途中加蓋帆布，適量灑水。（7）苗木進(jìn)場由項(xiàng)目質(zhì)檢員組織復(fù)檢，如不符合質(zhì)量要求，執(zhí)行“不符合”程序，確保進(jìn)場苗木達(dá)到“好苗”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1.3 喬灌木種植方法（1）定點(diǎn)放線符合設(shè)計(jì)圖紙要求，位置準(zhǔn)確，標(biāo)記明顯。定點(diǎn)放線后由設(shè)計(jì)或監(jiān)理驗(yàn)證，合格后方可施工。relationship,establishe d equivalent relationship 14,and subject:appli cation problem(4)-scores and percentage application

11、 problem review content overview answers scores,and percentage application problem of key is:according to meaning,(1)determine standard volume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Then in-line sol ution.Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applica

12、tions engineeri ng problem problem XV,a subject:review of the measurement of the amount of capacity,measurement and units of measurement of common units of measurement and their significa nce in rate 1,currency,length,area,volume,unit size,volume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly use d time units

13、and their relationships.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,and of method 2,and poly method 3,and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1,and tool measurement 2,and estimates 16,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(1)-line and angle review

14、 content line,and segment,and Ray,and vertical,and parallel,and angle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(2)-plane graphi cs review conte nt triangle,and edges shaped,a nd round,and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and area com bination graphics of area

15、subject:Preliminary knowledge(3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into:cyli nder and cone 2,column is divided into:cuboi d,square 3,cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relationship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1,

16、size 2,table.和1）規(guī)則式種植，苗木的位置必須排列整齊。行列樹種植定點(diǎn)，列位必須準(zhǔn)確，樹位中心用鐵鍬挖掘后放樁點(diǎn)。色帶種植定位，應(yīng)按圖紙結(jié)合現(xiàn)場準(zhǔn)確放出每種色帶的邊緣線，種植時(shí)先種外緣、再種中間，保證色帶的邊界清晰、整齊。2）孤植樹定點(diǎn)，用木樁標(biāo)志樹木的中心位置，種植樁標(biāo)明邊線，木樁上寫明樹種和樹木規(guī)格。（2）種植穴、槽的挖掘挖掘種植穴、槽的位置應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確，網(wǎng)格圖為定點(diǎn)放線的依據(jù)。種植穴、槽的大小，根據(jù)苗木根系、土球直徑和土質(zhì)而定。裸根和土球樹木的種植穴為圓坑。1）樹坑應(yīng)較根系或土球的直徑加大40-60cm，深度加深 10-20cm。坑壁平滑垂直。坑底部堆放10-20cm的土堆。將種植

17、土和腐殖土置坑旁待用。2）普通規(guī)格的苗木樹坑規(guī)格按下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：常綠喬木類種植穴規(guī)格單位：cm 樹高土球直徑種植穴深度種植穴直徑150 4050 5060 8090 150250 7080 8090 100110 250400 80100 90110 120130 400 以上140以上120以上180以上落葉喬木類種植穴規(guī)格單位：cm 胸徑種植穴深度種植穴直徑胸徑種植穴深度種植穴直徑23 3040 4060 56 6070 8090 34 4050 6070 68 7080 90100 45 5060 7080 810 8090 100110 花灌木類種植穴規(guī)格單位：cm 冠徑種植穴深度種植穴直

18、徑100 6070 7090 200 7090 90110（3）裝運(yùn)，卸苗和假植裝、運(yùn)、卸和假植苗木的各環(huán)節(jié)輕拿、輕放、保證根系和土球完好，嚴(yán)禁摔坨。1）裸根苗木按順序碼放整齊，根部朝前，裝車時(shí)樹干加墊，捆牢，樹冠用繩攏好。relationship,establishe d equivalent relationship 14,and subject:appli cation problem(4)-scores and percentage application problem review content overview answers scores,and percentage app

19、lication problem of key is:according to meaning,(1)determine standard volume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Then in-line sol ution.Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineeri ng problem problem XV,a subject:review of the meas

20、urement of the amount of capacity,measurement and units of measurement of common units of measurement and their significa nce in rate 1,currency,length,area,volume,unit size,volume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly use d time units and their relationships.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian

21、 of of poly 1,and of method 2,and poly method 3,and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1,and tool measurement 2,and estimates 16,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(1)-line and angle review content line,and segment,and Ray,and vertical,and parallel,and an

22、gle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(2)-plane graphi cs review conte nt triangle,and edges shaped,a nd round,and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and area com bination graphics of area subject:Preliminary knowledge(3)-review of solid content category

23、1-d shapes are divided into:cyli nder and cone 2,column is divided into:cuboi d,square 3,cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relationship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1,size 2,table.和2）長途運(yùn)輸保持根部濕潤，采用沾汲漿、噴保濕劑和用苫布遮蓋方法。3）裝土球苗木，將土球放穩(wěn)，固定好，不在

24、車內(nèi)滾動(dòng)，土球朝車頭，樹冠攏好。4）運(yùn)輸過程配備押運(yùn)人員。卸車時(shí)順序進(jìn)行，按品種規(guī)格分類碼放整齊，及時(shí)假植，縮短根部暴露時(shí)間。5）使用吊車卸苗時(shí)，拴繩必須拴土球，嚴(yán)禁捆樹、吊樹干。（4）修剪種植前進(jìn)行苗木根系修剪，修劈裂根，病毒根，過長根剪除，并根據(jù)根系大小、好壞對樹冠進(jìn)行修剪，保持地上地下部生長平衡。修剪時(shí)剪口必須平滑，不得劈裂，注意苗芽的方位。超過2cm以上的剪口，用力削平，涂防腐劑。1）樹木的根部和高大灌喬的修剪在散苗后種植前進(jìn)行，剪去劈、裂、斷枝、過長根，過長枝和病毒根、枝。2）具有明顯主干的高大落葉喬木應(yīng)得保持原有樹形，適當(dāng)疏枝，保持主側(cè)枝分布均勻，對保留的主側(cè)枝在健壯葉芽上方短截，

25、可剪去枝條1/5-2/3，有主尖的喬木保留主尖。3）常綠針葉樹，不宜修剪，只剪除病枝，枯死枝、生長衰弱枝，過密的軟生枝和下垂 S型枝條。4）叢生落葉苗木予留枝條大于30cm，高干型落葉苗木適當(dāng)疏枝，修剪在種植前進(jìn)行。5）苗木修剪質(zhì)量：剪口平滑，不得劈裂。枝條短截保留外芽，剪口位于芽位置上方 0.5cm。修剪直徑 2cm以上大枝及粗根時(shí)，剪口必須削平并涂防腐劑。（5）種植的苗木品種、規(guī)格、位置，符合圖紙要求。檢查種植穴的大小及深度，不符合根系要求時(shí)，應(yīng)修整種植穴。1）行列式種植樹木應(yīng)在一條線上，相鄰樹木的高度差不得大于30cm，不得相差半樹干，遇有樹彎時(shí)方向應(yīng)一致，行道樹一般順路與路平行。樹木相

26、鄰植株規(guī)格合理搭配，高度，干徑，樹形近似，種植的樹木應(yīng)保持直立，不得傾斜。加支撐立柱，同時(shí)調(diào)整觀賞面的合理朝向。2）色帶、花卉種植應(yīng)保證疏密程度均勻、合理，留出一定生長空間。種植時(shí)控制不同種類色帶、花卉的邊緣線，種植后應(yīng)及時(shí)對色帶邊緣進(jìn)行整形修剪，保證色帶、花卉的邊緣整齊有很流暢的邊緣線。relationship,establishe d equivalent relationship 14,and subject:appli cation problem(4)-scores and percentage application problem review content overview

27、answers scores,and percentage application problem of key is:according to meaning,(1)determine standard volume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Then in-line sol ution.Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineeri ng problem proble

28、m XV,a subject:review of the measurement of the amount of capacity,measurement and units of measurement of common units of measurement and their significa nce in rate 1,currency,length,area,volume,unit size,volume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly use d time units and their relationships.(Slightly

29、)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,and of method 2,and poly method 3,and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1,and tool measurement 2,and estimates 16,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(1)-line and angle review content line,and segment,and Ray

30、,and vertical,and parallel,and angle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(2)-plane graphi cs review conte nt triangle,and edges shaped,a nd round,and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and area com bination graphics of area subject:Preliminary knowledge(3)-

31、review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into:cyli nder and cone 2,column is divided into:cuboi d,square 3,cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relationship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1,size 2,table.和3）種植深度一般喬灌木應(yīng)與比種植線稍高

32、，個(gè)別快長、易生不定根的樹種較原土痕深 5-10cm；樹木種植根系必須舒展，填土分層踏實(shí)。4）種植的程序和方法散苗，將苗木按定點(diǎn)的標(biāo)記放至穴內(nèi)或穴邊，行道樹應(yīng)與道路平行散放。散苗后再與設(shè)計(jì)圖核對，無誤后進(jìn)行下道工序。5）還土，核對根系、土球與種植穴規(guī)格是否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，合格后向種植穴內(nèi)還土至合適的高度并踏實(shí)。6）種植裸根樹木時(shí)，將種植穴底填土呈半圓土堆，置入樹木填土至 1/2 時(shí)，輕抬樹干使根系舒展，充分接觸土壤。7）種植土球苗木，踏實(shí)穴底松土，土球放穩(wěn)，樹干直立，拆除并取出不易腐爛包裝物。8）對排水不良的種植穴，在穴底鋪10-15cm砂礫以利排水。9）樹木的支撐固定，澆水符合下列規(guī)定種植后在略大

33、于種植穴直徑的周圍，筑成 15cm-20cm的灌水圍堰，堰筑實(shí)不漏水。10）種植喬木設(shè)支撐物固定，支撐物應(yīng)牢固，基部應(yīng)埋入地下30cm以下，綁扎樹木處應(yīng)加墊物，不得磨損樹干。11）新植樹木在當(dāng)日澆第一遍水，澆水滲下后，及時(shí)用圍堰土封樹穴。再筑堰時(shí)，不得損傷根系。12）澆水時(shí)防止水流過急沖涮裸露根系或沖毀圍堰，造成漏水，澆水后出現(xiàn)土壤沉陷，致樹木傾斜時(shí)，及時(shí)扶正、培土。1.4 灌木種植要點(diǎn)為保證種植后的即時(shí)效果，花灌木種植不得修剪或進(jìn)行及少量疏剪，除有特殊要求的施工部位（如整形綠籬、造型灌木）不得使用太平剪和綠籬機(jī)，種植控制方法：（1）選好苗、壯苗，要求冠形豐滿，枝葉生長正常。1）不能“空腳”，

34、從地面至全高帶葉片，不得露出主枝干。2）不能選用老苗，觀察枝條的生長狀況，選用2-3 年生苗木（特殊要求除外）；因?yàn)槿~片狹小、葉色發(fā)暗的老齡苗種植后長勢衰弱。3）不能選用徒長苗，有些苗木水肥過大，葉片節(jié)間過長，單片葉明顯大于正常葉片，此種苗種植后不能恢復(fù)生長勢，有些苗經(jīng)過更新復(fù)壯，看起來長勢旺盛，種植后長勢不均勻，造成局部空缺。relationship,establishe d equivalent relationship 14,and subject:appli cation problem(4)-scores and percentage application problem revi

35、ew content overview answers scores,and percentage application problem of key is:according to meaning,(1)determine standard volume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Then in-line sol ution.Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications enginee

36、ri ng problem problem XV,a subject:review of the measurement of the amount of capacity,measurement and units of measurement of common units of measurement and their significa nce in rate 1,currency,length,area,volume,unit size,volume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly use d time units and their rel

37、ationships.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,and of method 2,and poly method 3,and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1,and tool measurement 2,and estimates 16,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(1)-line and angle review content line

38、,and segment,and Ray,and vertical,and parallel,and angle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(2)-plane graphi cs review conte nt triangle,and edges shaped,a nd round,and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and area com bination graphics of area subject:Preli

39、minary knowledge(3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into:cyli nder and cone 2,column is divided into:cuboi d,square 3,cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relationship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1,size 2,table.

40、和（2）夏季非種植季節(jié)施工時(shí)，選好苗后必須上盆（或裝袋），上盆時(shí)間應(yīng)為 7-10天以上，待盆苗（袋苗）緩苗后，再行運(yùn)進(jìn)施工現(xiàn)場，注意上盆時(shí)間過長的苗超過一個(gè)生長季節(jié)，有大量須根從缽孔外露，脫盆時(shí)根系與土極易分離變成裸根苗，所以上盆時(shí)間過長的苗亦不可采用。（3）灌木的帶盆運(yùn)輸必須用帶有盆花架的運(yùn)苗車，若采用碼放，平擺不許超過兩層，不將帶盆苗木側(cè)倒堆放。（4）灌木的修剪除特殊要求苗木外只允許作以下修剪1）剪去傷殘枝條和黃葉、土葉、泥葉。2）剪去過密的簇生枝，疏剪不得短截，修剪量由現(xiàn)場工程師來決定。（5）灌木種植方式1）采用品字形種植盡量減少植株間空隙，以達(dá)到“土不露天”的要求，外邊的一行尤其要選好

41、苗，植株略小但是枝葉豐滿，種植后上平面和側(cè)平面過渡平滑，避免上平面和側(cè)平面的相交硬棱。2）樹下色塊放線與喬木冠幅的垂直投影相適應(yīng)，以達(dá)到美的效果。放線后由景觀控制師驗(yàn)線，種植后由設(shè)計(jì)師或藝術(shù)效果控制責(zé)任人做最后調(diào)整。3）地被色塊的每一塊體量大小應(yīng)與周圍喬、灌木相匹配，包括面積大小、高低控制、疏密程度、軟枝葉和影枝葉的搭配、花色的調(diào)整等多個(gè)方向，種植前請?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)師講解設(shè)計(jì)理念，在完全理解設(shè)計(jì)意圖后種植樣板段，經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)師、景觀控制師調(diào)整確認(rèn)后再大面積種植。2、草坪、花卉種植方法2.1 草坪種植（1）草坪的坡度小于1：4 的地方，植草前應(yīng)重新平整土地，去除大于30mm 的石塊，形成無積水的地平面，最終地平

42、高度應(yīng)低于相鄰硬地面3050mm。（2）坡度大于 1：4 的地方，保持坡面堅(jiān)固，防止水土流失，種植時(shí)應(yīng)耙松5mm表土草皮鋪種時(shí)應(yīng)平整，銜接整齊，鋪種方向應(yīng)與坡向橫切，邊緣鋪種應(yīng)使用整塊草皮，鋪后滾壓貼實(shí)。（3）在大于 1：4 的坡面，草皮可以使用10cm長的竹釘插入土壤固定并采用在草皮塊下墊細(xì)砂保持平整，不得用滾壓。（4）鋪種后立即噴水養(yǎng)護(hù)。relationship,establishe d equivalent relationship 14,and subject:appli cation problem(4)-scores and percentage application probl

43、em review content overview answers scores,and percentage application problem of key is:according to meaning,(1)determine standard volume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to relationship,Then in-line sol ution.Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications

44、engineeri ng problem problem XV,a subject:review of the measurement of the amount of capacity,measurement and units of measurement of common units of measurement and their significa nce in rate 1,currency,length,area,volume,unit size,volume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly use d time units and th

45、eir relationships.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,and of method 2,and poly method 3,and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1,and tool measurement 2,and estimates 16,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(1)-line and angle review conte

46、nt line,and segment,and Ray,and vertical,and parallel,and angle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(2)-plane graphi cs review conte nt triangle,and edges shaped,a nd round,and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and area com bination graphics of area subjec

47、t:Preliminary knowledge(3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into:cyli nder and cone 2,column is divided into:cuboi d,square 3,cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relationship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1,size 2

48、,table.和2.2 花卉種植（1）按設(shè)計(jì)圖紙定點(diǎn)放線，在地面上準(zhǔn)確標(biāo)定出位置，輪廓線，按放線種植花卉。（2）栽種宿根花卉使用容器苗，氣溫高于25時(shí)，避開中午高溫時(shí)間，在傍晚栽植。（3）裸根花卉隨起苗、隨運(yùn)輸、隨種植。（4）種植花卉的株行距，按植株高低，分蘗多少，冠叢大小決定，以成年后覆蓋地面為宜。（5）種植深度與原種植深度平，不得損傷莖、葉，保持根系完整，覆土達(dá)3cm。（6）根據(jù)景觀要求適時(shí)修剪，生長期，花果期任其生長，待枯黃后再進(jìn)行修剪。（7）應(yīng)根據(jù)不同花卉植物的生態(tài)習(xí)性、生物學(xué)特性、應(yīng)用要求和周圍環(huán)境狀況，進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)管理，使其適時(shí)開花，花繁色艷。Xrelationship,establi

49、she d equivalent relationship 14,and subject:appli cation problem(4)-scores and percentage application problem review content overview answers scores,and percentage application problem of key is:according to meaning,(1)determine standard volume(units 1)(2)find associate volume rate corresponds to re

50、lationship,Then in-line sol ution.Category fraction multiplication word problem score Division applications engineeri ng problem problem XV,a subject:review of the measurement of the amount of capacity,measurement and units of measurement of common units of measurement and their significa nce in rat

51、e 1,currency,length,area,volume,unit size,volume,weight and rate.(Omitted)2,commonly use d time units and their relationships.(Slightly)with a measurement units Zhijian of of poly 1,and of method 2,and poly method 3,and of method and poly method of relationship measurement distance of method 1,and t

52、ool measurement 2,and estimates 16,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(1)-line and angle review content line,and segment,and Ray,and vertical,and parallel,and angle angle of classification(slightly)17,and subject:geometry preliminary knowledge(2)-plane graphi cs review conte nt triangle,and e

53、dges shaped,a nd round,and fan axisymmetric graphics perimeter and area com bination graphics of area subject:Preliminary knowledge(3)-review of solid content category 1-d shapes are divided into:cyli nder and cone 2,column is divided into:cuboi d,square 3,cone cone of the features of cuboids and cubes relationship between characteristics of circular cone is slightly solid surface area and volume 1,size 2,table.和